Terminological Practicum for IT Students

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Administrator (n)

an individual who is responsible for the running of and day-to-day operation of a project, program, business, organization, etc.

work as/perform the functions of/ take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as an ~; occupy/get promoted to/give up/take up the position of an ~; database/system ~;

administration (n), administer (v), administrative (adj); administratively;

syn. manager

Analyst (n)

a person engaged in detailed examination of the computer systems and procedures and designing information system solutions to help them operate more efficiently and effectively

work as/perform the functions of/take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as an ~; occupy/get promoted to/give up/take up the position of an ~; information security/support ~; analysis (n), analyze (v), analytical (adj), analytically (adv)

Architect (n)

the one who designs and builds computer systems

work as/perform the functions of /take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as an ~; occupy/get promoted to/give up/take up the position of an ~; architecture (n): personal computer /modern computer/client-server/64-bit computer ~; architectural (adj): ~ design

Back (adj)

the side or part of the work that is not normally seen by the customer

~-end programmer/developer;

~ -office employee;

ant. front-end; front-office

Blogger

an individual or a small group regularly updating its weblog (blog for short) run in an informal or conversational style

a popular/famous/notorious ~; blog (v); blog (n): make a post on/keep/block a ~; blogging (n)

Botmaster (n)

an individual who maintains a bot and is responsible for keeping it online, fixing errors, ensuring compliance with the rules of the channel or server it's logged into

act as/perform the functions of/take on the responsibilities of a ~

Cryptographer (n)

the one engaged in protecting sensitive data and making it unreadable for anyone not meant to see the data

work as/ take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as a ~; occupy/give up /take up the position of a ~; decrypt (v), encrypt (v), cryptography (n), cryptographic (adj)

Consumer (n)

a person who uses goods and services

~ demand/culture/spending/goods/protection/products/durables/electronics/market/boom; protect/benefit the ~; consume (v), consumerism (n) syn. end-user

Customer (n)

a person who buys goods or services from a shop or a business

~ service/support; customize (v), customized (adj), customization (n)

syn. client, clientele

Designer (n)

the one who is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

a graphic ~; design (n): make ~ decisions, computer-aided/creative/ standard ~; designed (adj): a specially ~ feature

Developer (n)

the one who creates a computer program and brings it into existence

program/application/web/back-end/front-end ~; develop (v), development (n), developmental (adj)

Engineer (n)

a person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

computer software/hardware ~;

engineering (n): software/hardware/power ~

Expert (n)

a person who is very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area

security ~ ; an ~ in sth; expert (adj): be ~ at sth; ~ evaluation of sth;

expertise (n): technical ~; a field of ~;

syn. proficiency

Follower (n)

on social media sites, someone who subscribes to and receives sb’s updates

have ~s; become sb’s ~;

follow (v), following (adj)

Geek (n)

a knowledgeable and obsessive enthusiast; an individual who frequently uses the computer in his or her free time rather than participates in any other activities

alpha/ugly~; geek (v), geekish (adj);

syn. addict

Cf. a nerd

Freelancer (n)

a self-employed person hired to work for different companies on particular assignments

earn one’s living as a ~;

freelance (n): a ~ programmer, try one’s hand in ~

Lamer (n)

(slang) a stupid, inept, or dull person, who does not understand what he or she is doing

feel like/be a ~; a bunch of ~s

Layman (n)

a person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject

a ~ in sth; an interested/intelligent ~;

syn. amateur; ant. professional

Lurker (n)

a person who reads the postings in an Internet forum without actively contributing to it

be/act as a ~; lurk (v): ~ in a chatroom/on listservs

Manager (n)

a person responsible for controlling or administering sth

a network/product/program ~;

(mis)manage (v), (mis)management (n), managerial (adj)

Master (n)

a person who has complete control of sth

Web/bot~ ; gamemaster (gamester) (); ~ of the situation;

ant. slave

Moderator (n)

a person who governs, drives, mediates an Internet forum or an online discussion

act as/perform the functions of/take on the responsibilities of a ~;

(im)moderate (adj); moderation (n); (im)moderately (adv)

Nerd (n)

an individual who is obsessed with science, math, or technology, commonly possessing little or no social skills

a computer ~;

nerdy (adj), nerdish (adj), nerdishness (n)

syn. geek, devotee

Netizen (n)

a user of the Internet, especially a habitual or keen one

privacy-conscious ~s; the new generation of ~s; netizenry (n); netizenship (n);

Cf. citizen

Newbie (n)

an inexperienced newcomer to a particular activity

netizen ~s; a ~ on the computer; a ~ to Linux

syn. novice

Programmer (n)

the ones who write codes to create software programs by turning the program designs made by software developers and engineers into instructions that a computer can follow

applications/systems/Java/experienced ~; program (v), program (n), (re)programmable (adj); (re)programming (n)

Provider (n)

(ISP)

a company that provides

Internet access to users or subscribers of its service

a leading/major ~; provide (v): ~ sb with sth; ~ for sth; provision (n); provided that… (conj);

syn. supplier

Operator (n)

the person responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems

machine/equipment ~;

operation (n): be (put) in ~; operate

(v): ~ upon sb; operational (adj): ~ expenses; be fully ~

Repairer (n)

the one who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition

work as/use the services of a ~; repair (n): be in a state of ~; need ~; ~ damage; be beyond ~;

syn. fix (up), mend

Savvy (adj)

shrewd and knowledgeable about sth

a computer-~ person; a ~ player;

syn. intelligent, canny

Scientist (n)

one inventing and designing new approaches to the computing technology and finding innovative uses for the existing technology

computer/information research ~; science (n); scientific (adj): ~ study/knowledge/community; scientifically (adv);

syn. researcher, theorist

Specialist (n)

a person highly skilled in a specific and restricted field

computer support/network support/multimedia/security ~;

specialize (v): ~ in sth, specialty (n), special (adj), specially (adv)

Subscriber (n)

the one who has arranged for access to an electronic mailing list or an online service

~ to a magazine/service; a new ~; subscribe (v): ~ to sth online; subscription (n;

ant. unsubscribe

Surfer (n)

the one who moves from site to site on the Internet

Internet ~;

surfing (n), surf (v)

Technician (n)

a person employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application of science

a software/laboratory/CISCO/skilled ~; technique (n), technology (n), technical (adj);

Cf. techie

Telecommuter (n)

the one working for a company from home, making use of the Internet, email, and the telephone

telecommute (v); telecommuting (n): allow for/promote ~

Troubleshooter (n)

the one analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization, or tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system

helpdesk ~;

troubleshooting (v): have a proven track record in ~; preventive maintenance and ~

User (n)

a person who applies or operates sth, a client, customer, consumer

end/power/default ~;

~ manual/account/base/ID/profile

/policy; useful (adj), usable (adj), usability (n), user-friendly (adj): ~-interface/device/gadget; user-friendliness (n)

Vendor (n)

a person or company that provides a service or a product and offers it for sale, especially in the street

a street ~;

vend (v), vending (adj): ~ machine,

vendible (adj);

syn. seller

Wizard (n)

a person who is very skilled in a particular field or activity

a computer/financial ~;

syn. genius, master, expert

1. geek

2. administrator

3. layman

4. end-user

5. client

6. wizard

7. provider

1. backend

2. encrypt

3. layman

4. newbie

5. master

6. vendor

7. client

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

operate

special

program

developmentally

consume

analyst

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

administrator

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

user

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

programmer

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

manager

1. cryptographer

A. an individual who is responsible for the running of and the day-to-day operation of a project, program, a business, organization

2. moderator

B. the one who decides upon the look and functioning of program and is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

3. administrator

C. the one engaged in protecting sensitive data and making it unreadable for anyone not meant to see the data

4. telecommuter

D. a person who drives or mediates an Internet forum or online discussion

5. designer

E. the one working for a company from home, making use of the Internet, email, and the telephone

6. vendor

F. the one tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization

7. troubleshooter

G. a person or company that provides a service or a product and offers it for sale, especially in the street

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. expert - newbie

A. general and specific

2. digital technologies – telecommuting

B. cause and effect

3. developer – designer

C. contrast

4. architect – designer

D. method and purpose

5. Internet forum – moderator

E. part and whole

6. bug – debugging

F. equivalence

7. wizard – lamer

1. front end - back end programmer

2. consumer-customer

3. nerd – geek

4. lurker – follower

5. lamer – newbie

6. freelancer – full-time employee

7. netizen – citizen

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “master - slave”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “geek – alpha geek”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

3

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “subscriber - follower”: a) equivalence b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

4

Mark the odd word: a) fix b) mend c) repair d) restore

5

Which of these is a person who governs or mediates an Internet forum or online discussion: a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator

6

Which of these maintains an autonomous program on a network:

a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator

7

Which of these is a computer-savvy person:

a) layman b) lamer c) wizard d) newbie

8

Which of these has the most theoretical field of expertise:

a) expert b) specialist c) analyst d) scientist

9

You can subscribe ___ the listserv for £3 per annum and receive advance notice of all events. a) for b) in c) to d) on

10

He is an expert __ project development. a) for b) in c) at d) on

11

Some people just lurk ___ listservs without participating.

a) for b) in c) at d) on

12

A developer is the one who

a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence

b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

c) who writes codes to create software programs

d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

13

A programmer is the one who

a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence

b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

c) who writes codes to create software programs

d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

14

Mark the odd word: a) provider b) customer c) client d) consumer

15

A person who uses goods and services is called a(n)___ .

a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor

16

A person or company that offers a service or a product for sale, especially in the street is called a(n)___. a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor

17

A repairer is a person

a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application of a science

b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems

c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition

d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization

18

An operator is a person ___ .

a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application of a science

b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems

c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition

d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization

19

The difference between a nerd and a geek concerns mostly ___ .

a) stylistic coloring b) field of operation c) gender d) attitude to occupation

20

“Процесс поиска неисправностей, диагностики и устранения неполадок” is best translated as: a) repairing b) mending c) troubleshooting d) fixing

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Align (v)

line up type and other graphic elements using a horizontal or vertical line as the reference point

~ left/right/center; ~ sth with sth; left ~ a paragraph;

alignment (n), aligned (adj);

syn. justify

ant. non-alignment

Bold (adj)

confident and courageous; using dark, heavy strokes in typing, especially for emphasis

printed in ~ type; bolding (n): preserve ~; debold (v), unbold (v);

syn. conspicuous, distinct

Bullet (n)

a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or introducing each item in a list, for emphasis

insert/use a ~ point/symbol;

bulleted (adj): a ~ list

Cf. a numbered list

Case (n)

the parameter indicating the letter size to distinguish capital letters as opposed to small letters

upper/lower ~; change ~;

~-sensitive (adj);

Cf: caps, caps lock

Clipboard (n)

a software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer between documents or applications, via copy and paste operations

send/copy from (to) the ~; the Windows ~; a ~ copy/toolbar/ operation

Close (v)

move so as to cover an opening; make a file inaccessible after use, so that it is securely stored until required again

~ a folder/program/application/ file; (dis)closure (n), disclose (v);

ant. open

Compile (v)

collect information in order to produce a list, a report, etc.

~ (a) data/database/list/report/

book/program/statistics/profile/

CV/portfolio;

compiler (n), compilation (n);

syn. assemble, put together

Copy (v)

reproduce data (stored in one location) in another location

~ a file/text/diagram; copy (n): a(n) soft/hard/free/enclosed/ certified/master/backup ~; a photocopy (n);

syn. duplicate

ant. original

Correct (v)

free from error; put sth (an error or fault) right; bring sth in accordance with fact or truth

~ a(n) mistake/error/fault; correction (n): ~ fluid; (in)correct (adj), (in)correctly (adv), corrector (n), corrective (adj): a ~ step/action/instruction; correctional (adj): institution/staff/supervisor

syn. remedial

Delete (v)

remove data from a computer memory

~ a word/file/folder/phrase/ memory; a ~ key; deletion (n), (un)deletable (adj);

syn. erase

ant. undelete

Edit (v)

revise or correct some written material to make it publishable

~ a text/file/webpage/article/ paper; editor (n), (un)edited (adj): ~ content/text; edition (n), (un)editable (adj); editorial (n, adj): ~ board;

syn. correct, proofread

Enter (v)

write or key (information) in a book, computer, etc.

~ transactions/data/information into the computer/register/logbook; the ~ key; entry (n): data ~, make/post an ~; entrance (n)

File (n)

a folder or a box for holding loose papers together and in order; collection of related data stored in a computer memory or on a storage device under a single identifying name

save a ~ to a disc; delete/open/ select/share/upload/zip/download a ~; a fact~; ~ extension; rank-and-file;

file (v): ~ a(n) document/application/complaint; filing (adj): a ~ system;

syn. document

Folder (n)

a file which consists solely of a set of other related files or documents

save sth in/add sth to/open/delete/ create a ~; a junk mail/new ~; (un)fold (v), (un)folded (adj);

syn. directory

Font (n)

a complete set of characters having a specific look, size and style 

choose/use/select a ~; a variety of ~s; the required ~;

syn. typeface

Format (n)

a definite structure for the processing, storage, or display of data

~ (a) disc/data/text; apply/copy/paste/delete a ~; the binary/file/HTML/JPEG/A4 ~; the ~ requirements; (re)format (v), (re)formatted (adj)

Forward (v)

send on to a further destination

~ a letter/document/message to sb; a ~ slash; forwarded (adj): ~ to/from address; forwarding (adj): a ~ address;

syn. redirect

Highlight (v)

make sth visually prominent, draw special attention to sth by changing color

~ an issue; highlight (n): ~ of the season/year; highlighter (n); highlighted (adj): ~ in green

Image (n)

a visible impression obtained by a camera, telescope, microscope, or other device, or displayed on a computer or video screen

blurred/focused ~; ~-processing techniques/algorithms; imagine (v), imagery, imagination (n), (un)imaginable (adj)

Import (v)

transfer (data) into a file or document

~ data/a file from (to) a disc;

ant. export

Indent (v)

start (a line of text) or position (a block of text) further from the margin than the main part of the text

~ the first line; indentation (n), indented (adj): ~ two spaces from…

ant. unindented

Insert (v)

include a symbol, image, word, text in a piece of writing

~ a word/letter/graphic/sound/ text; insertion (n);

syn. incorporate

Italic(s) (n)

the sloping (inclined) kind of typeface used especially for emphasis or distinction

~ type/typeface; remove/preserve /be given in/restore ~s; (de)italicize (v);

syn. Cursive

Layout (n)

the way in which a text or pictures are set out or arranged on a page or in a work

a(n) physical/randomized/visual/ interactive data/basic/ (un)cluttered/(un)inviting ~; do the ~

Margin (n)

the blank border on each side of the print on a page

write/scribble sth in the ~; a wide/narrow ~; win by a wide/narrow ~; within the ~ of error; marginal (adj); marginally (adv); marginalize (v)

Move (v)

change the place, position of sth

~ sth to …; remove (v), move (n): a career ~; unmovable (adj); movement (n), immovable (adj);

syn. shift

Option (n)

a thing that is or may be chosen

choose/change/select an ~; default/print ~; opt (v): ~ for sth; optional (adj), optionally (adv)

syn. alternative, choice

Paste (v)

insert a piece of text or other data copied from elsewhere (the contents of the clipboard) at the cursor point

~ a word/paragraph/symbol into (from) a document/file/section; copy/cut-~ operations;

syn. glue

Pending (v)

remaining undecided or unsettled, waiting decision or settlement; while in the process of, during

a ~ report/file/action/proceedings/ patent;

syn. awaiting decision, incomplete

Proofread (v)

read written or printed material for marking and correcting any errors

need/do ~ing; ~ for accuracy

Save (v)

keep safe or rescue sb or sth from harm or danger; keep data by moving a copy to a storage location

~ time/money/a file/a text/a folder; ~ on to a server/disc/the hard drive/memory stick

Select (v)

use a mouse or keystrokes to mark sth on a computer screen for a particular operation

~ a word/text/passage/file/option; deselect (v), selection (n), selective (adj), selectively (adv);

syn. choose

Space (n)

a blank between printed, typed, or written words, characters, numbers, etc.

double/single/back/blank ~; ~ bar; leave ~ for sth; spacing (n)

Spreadsheet (n)

an electronic document in which data is arranged in the rows and columns of a grid and can be manipulated and used in calculations

fill in/leave sth blank in/create/ enter sth in(to)/print out/copy/paste/use/delete a ~; spreadsheeting (n)

Stroke (n)

an act of hitting or striking sb or sth

(a key) or moving one’s hand across a surface with gentle pressure

at a ~; a ~ of luck, a key~;

strike (v), striking

Textese (n)

the language of abbreviations and slang commonly used in digital  text messaging

use/master ~; ~ symbols/abbreviations

Underscore (v)

(on a computer or typewriter keyboard) a short horizontal line on the baseline ( _ )

the ~ character/symbol;

syn. underline

Template (n)

a preset format for a document or file, used so that it does not have to be recreated each time it is used

download/upload/copy/look for a ~;

syn. model, blueprint, sample

Type (v)

write letters and symbols on a typewriter or computer to input a text by pressing the keys

~ a text/word; retype (v); typeface (n); typo (n); typist (n)

Cf. word-processing

View (v)

look at or inspect; to have a particular attitude or opinion

come into/obstruct/hold the ~; a sober/different ~; from sb’s point of ~; with a ~ to sth; on ~; viewer (n), viewable (adj), viewpoint (n)

1. justify

2. alternative

3. cursive

4. conspicuous

5. delete

6. folder

7. paste

1. bold

2. select

3. movable

4. italicize

5. movable

6. correct

7. upper case

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

align

deletion

immovably

option

strike

marginal

un/imaginable

in/correctly

1. correct

A. left/right/center

2. enter

B. database/a list/a report/a book/a program/a profile/a CV/a portfolio

3. align

C. a(n) mistake/error/fault

4. paste

D. transactions/data/information into the computer

5. compile

E. a word/paragraph/symbol into a document/file/section

6. pending

F. a word/text/passage/file/option

7. select

G. (a/n) report/file/action/proceedings/patent

1. clipboard

A. a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or introducing each item in a list

2. pending

B. a software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer

3. template

C. a definite structure for the processing, storage, or display of data

4. margin

D. remaining undecided or unsettled, waiting decision or settlement

5. bullet

E. a preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does not have to be recreated each time it is used

6. forward

F. the blank border on each side of the print on a page

7. format

G. send on to a further destination

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. write – scribble

A. general and specific

2. template – model

B. cause and effect

3. error – typo

C. contrast

4. page – margin

D. method and purpose

5. copy – original

E. part and whole

6. folder – file

F. equivalence

7. bold type - emphasis

proofread – edit

entry – entrance

type - typeface – font

strike – stroke

file-folder

layout – format – template

italic-italics

<Object: word/embeddings/oleObject1.bin>

1. template

2. font

3. clipboard

4. folder

5. bullet

6. underscore

7. image

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “emphasis – bold type”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “write-scribble”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

3

Which of these is the most specific:

a) error b) mistake c) typo d) blunder

4

A preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does not have to be recreated each time it is used is known as ___ .

a) model b) template d) format d) module

5

Many buyers tend to opt ___ a more practical design.

a) on b) for c) at d) out

6

A software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer between documents or applications, via copy and paste operations is called a/n ___.

a) clipboard b) clip c) board d) clip board

7

Please save the file ___ a disc. a) on b) in c) to d) from

8

A particular design of type in printing is known as ___.

a) type b) typeface c) face d) typo

9

The language of abbreviations and slang commonly used in digital text messaging is called ____.

a) officialese b) textese c) journalese d) Vietnamese

10

Mark the odd word: a) correct b) edit c) proofread d) read

11

All of these are used for emphasis EXCEPT FOR:

a) align b) bold c) italics d) highlight

12

All of these are text formatting operations EXCEPT FOR: a) indenting b) proofreading c) aligning d) listing

13

Mark the odd word: a) cursive b) italics c) bold d) highlight

14

When a large number of copies of the same document or form are required, they can be duplicated or photocopied from a ___ copy.

a) backup b) master c) duplicate d) photo

15

Small typefaces make the text ___ and difficult to read.

a) blurred b) focused c) indented d) distinct

16

Before submitting your paper, ___ and correct it if necessary.

a) read b) reread c) proofread d) check

17

____ “Esc” to make the message line disappear.

a) Entry b) Enter c) Entrance d) Entree

18

The computer is also programmed automatically to store the actual date of data ___, without displaying this information.

a) entry b) enter c) entrance d) entree

19

The Conservatives won the elections in October ___ a very narrow margin. a) with b) by c) on d) in

20

Caps Lock will only type letters in the ___ case.

a) lower b) upper c) higher d) low

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Assist (v)

help sb typically by doing a share of the work, providing money or information

~ sb at/in/with sth; assistant (n), assistance (n); assistive (adj): ~ technology;

syn. help, aid, give sb a hand

ant. hinder sth, prevent sb from doing sth

Barcode (n)

a set of printed lines on a product’s label that tells a computer information about it, such as its price

the ~ reader/system/generator/ program/ verifier; read/type/identify/print/ encode/scale the ~;

barcode (v): ~ (a/n) product/item/goods

Braille (n)

a system of printing and writing for the blind, in which characters are formed by patterns of raised dots which are felt with the fingertips

(the) ~ equipment/display/embosser/

system/writer/label/font/alphabet/converter; use/read/touch/create/

learn ~; written/labeled in ~;

brailled (v)

BYOD (abbr)

Bring Your Own Device

the practice of allowing employees or students to bring their own computing devices to work, college, university etc. for work/study purposes

implement/introduce/follow ~;

the ~ policy/practice

Camera (n)

a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs, films, or video signals

~ compartment/user/lens/rig/film/ shot/track; a(n) optical/compact/ the CCTV ~;

(re)furbish/upgrade/recharge a ~; cameraman (n)

Charge (v)

store electrical energy (in a battery or battery-operated device); formally accuse sb of sth, especially of an offence under law; entrust sb with a duty or responsibility; demand (an amount) as a price for a service rendered or goods supplied

~ a battery/gadget/device; keep the battery ~d; ~ sb with sth; be in ~ of sth; impose/levy a ~ on sb; lay/bring a ~ against sb; pay/increase/reduce the ~s; free of ~; re/chargeable (adj): ~ battery; charger (n);

syn. control, accusation, fee

Connect (v)

join together so as to provide access and communication

~ to a device/wire/network/router/ printer/computer/gadget; connection (n): have/break/sever/establish/find/make/see a ~; (dis)connected, (adj); (dis)connectedly (adv); connective (adj); connectivity (n)

syn. link

ant. disconnect, disconnection

Device (n)

a mechanism or a piece of equipment designed to serve a purpose or perform a function

~ contention/driver/node; a(n) input/output/MIDI/warning/ reading/locking/surveillance/ household/recording ~;

purchase/(dis)connect/upgrade a ~;

syn. gizmo, gadget

Digital (adj)

stored as numbers or electronic signals (about information)

~ age/audio/camera/certificate/ computer/divide/film/signature/

detox; digit (n), digitize (v), digitalize (v), digitizer (n), digitally (adv);

syn. numeric

ant. analogue

Display (n)

putting sth in a prominent place for it to be readily seen; the visual representation of the output of an electronic device

plasma/panel/processor/case/screen/unit/terminal ~;

a(n) eye-catching/clear/wide ~; put on/go on ~;

displayer (n), display (v);

syn. show

ant. conceal, hide

E- (prf)

electronic, indicating the involvement of the Internet

~ book/zine/pub/commerce/library;

purchase/subscribe to a(n) ~ book/zine/publication

Fax (facsimile machine) (n)

an output device capable of fast and convenient transmission of photocopied information through a telephone line

send/get/receive sth by ~ ;

~ modem/software/card/mode/call;

fax (v): ~ a(n) document/file/agreement /memo

Flash memory (n)

a type of non-volatile memory which does not need a constant source of electricity for it to retain the stored data

a ~ card;

compact ~;

read/(re)format the ~

Gadget (n)

a specialized mechanical or electronic device, usually small in size

use/invent/create/buy a ~; a ~ freak

a(n) musical/electrical/modern ~; suffer from a ~ fatigue;

syn. gizmo, device

Gamepad (n)

a handheld device used to control a computer game or a video game

a ~ button/cord; a USB ~;

(dis)connect/play/operate/keep a ~

Google Glass (n)

a computer that is worn like eyeglasses, which has a tiny display within the field of vision, responds to voice commands and eye movements, and has a touchpad at the side

a ~ application/frame/pad/rim/ earpiece/lens/nose pad/end piece;

protect/upgrade/polish/wear a ~

Input (n)

information that is put into a computer

~ devices/data; have/need/get/receive/provide/ process an ~; input (v);

ant. output

Headset (n)

a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in place on a person's head

a high performance/cordless/ wireless/radio/Bluetooth ~;

wear/upgrade/replace/take off/put on the ~

Lens (n)

a clear curved piece of glass or plastic that is used in eyeglasses, cameras, telescopes, etc., to make things look clearer, smaller, or bigger

magnetic/telescopic/cap/

colored/tinted/contact/optical/spectacle/ camera ~;

reduce/change/wear/replace/take off the ~;lensed (adj);

Cf. glass

Monitor (n)

a person who observes a process or activity to check that it is carried out fairly or correctly, especially in an official capacity; an output device that displays text and graphics

color/CCTV/video/computer/screen/high resolution ~; on a/the ~;

protect/replace the ~;

monitor (v): ~ the performance/progress//procedure/ quality/situation;

monitored (adj); monitoring (n), monitorial (adj);

syn. screen, control

MP3 (n)

a means of compressing a sound sequence to enable its digital storage and transmission

~ file/player/format/ringtone/music; convert/download/transfer an ~ file

Netbook (n)

a small, very light and inexpensive laptop computer with limited memory used primarily for accessing the Internet

~ computer; high/low-end ~;

upgrade/replace/repair a ~

Output (n)

the amount of sth produced by a person, machine, or industry; produced, delivered, or supplied data

an ~ data/file/form/screen/device; increase/decrease/provide some ~; a drop/fall/growth/rise in ~; steady/low/aggregate/gross/ overall/total ~; output (v);

ant. input

Optical (adj)

relating to sight, especially in relation to the action of light

~ media/disk/zoom/scanner/storage/fiber/memory/cable/

drive/array/ lens; optics (n), optically (adv), optician (n)

Pixel (n)

one of the individual dots that make up a graphical image

a ~ bit/graphic/count/information/ data/resolution/value; binary ~;

pack/modify ~s; pixilation (n), pixilate (v), pixelated (adj): a ~ image

Plotter (n)

an automated drawing tool that produces finely scaled drawings by moving a pen and/or paper in response to computer commands

a ~ font/display; a drum/flatbed/ pen/chart/laser/electrostatic/

flat bed/color ~;

upgrade/use/configure a ~

Projector (n)

a device used for displaying an image on a screen, as from a transparent slide or film

overhead/film/slide/video ~;

switch off (on)/operate a ~

PTOYED (abbr)

Please Turn Off Your Electronic Devices

(slang) an airline, cinema or theater announcement to make the passengers or viewers turn off their electronic devices and gadgets

implement/break/follow the ~ rule

Resolution (n)

a firm decision to do or not to do sth; a formal decision; the action of solving a problem; density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch

pass/vote on/adopt a ~; high/screen/spatial/color ~;

modify/adjust/configure ~; a successful/peaceful ~ of a problem; resolve (v): ~ a problem; (un)resolved) (adj); (ir)resolute (adj): be ~ in one’s determination to do sth; (ir)resolutely (adv)

Retina display (n)

a device that works without a screen by drawing pixels directly on the user’s retina with a focused beam of light

a ~ screen;

provide/include/adjust the ~

Sensor (n)

a device that enables digital machines to monitor the physical quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data used in robotics, environmental climate control, and other applications

~ data fusion/unit/device; infrared/analog/image/ electromagnetic ~; sense (v);

sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);

syn. detector

Second-hand (adj)

having had a previous owner; not new

a ~ device/gadget/accessory/book/clothing/goods/car/

computer/ knowledge;

syn. pre-owned

Smart (adj)

having or showing quick wit and intelligence; (of a device) programmed so as to be capable of some independent action

~ watch/phone/board/house/

TV/ application/interface;

smartness (n), smartly (adv);

syn. clever, intelligent

ant. dumb, stupid, imbecile

Speakers (n)

the part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of

high-quality/durable ~;

upgrade/(dis)connect/configure the ~

Swap (v)

(coll.) give sth to sb in exchange for sth else

~ gadgets/accessories/ identity/deal/ideas;

syn. trade, exchange

Tablet (n)

a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen

~ case/accessories/computer/PC/ pen/phone; digitizer/graphic ~;

upgrade/configure/furbish a ~;

Cf: I-pod, I-pad

Touch (v)

come into or be in physical contact with; manipulate sth by pressure and movement of fingers on a screen

~ pad/screen; multi ~; touch (n): a ~ on/of sb’s hand/shoulder; manipulate sth at the ~of the key;

(un)touchable (adj), touchy (adj);

syn. stroke

Upgrade (v)

improve a computer or another machine by using the most recent developments so as to make it more powerful or effective

~ (a) computer/gadget/skills/policy/ system/package/standard/security/ phone; upgrade (n): software/

price/network ~;

syn. improve

ant. downgrade

Cf. update, refurbish

Wearable (adj)

a computer or other electronic device that is small or light enough to be worn or carried on one’s body

(a) ~ computer/device/clothes/ shades/gadget; wear (v), (un)wearability (n);

ant. unwearable

Cf. portable

Webcam (n)

a device used for video input

a ~ leans/image/software; a wireless ~;

install/upgrade/replace a ~;

webcamming (n)

1. upgrade

2. sensor

3. display

3. monitor

4. connect

5. swap

6. gadget

7. smart

1. conceal

2. wearable

3. input

4. clever

5. downgrade

6. assist

7. upgrade

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

optician, optics

digitized

wear

(dis)connectedly

monitor

assistance/ant

(un)resolved

(ir)resolute

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

digital

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

second-hand

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

tablet

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

speakers

1. upgrade

A. a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in place on a person's head

2. headset

B. one of the individual dots that make up a graphical image

3. tablet

C. improve computer or other machine by using the most recent developments to make it more powerful or effective

4. resolution

D. stored as numbers or electronic signals

5. digital

E. a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen

6. pixel

F. owned or used by someone else before you

7. second-hand

G. density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. input – output

A. general and specific

2. MP3 – compression

B. cause and effect

3. label - barcode

C. contrast

4. gadget overuse – gadget fatigue

D. equivalence

5. smart - intelligent

E. part and whole

6. computer – netbook

F. method and purpose

7. alphabet – the Braille system

1. compact disk– blue ray

2. device – gadget

3. library – archive

4. restore – recover

5. overwrite – format

6. netbook – laptop

7. resolution – pixel

1. barcode

2. Braille

3. facsimile machine

4. flash memory

5. headset

6. MP3

7. Webcam

1. digitization

2. faxing

3. flash memory

4. charging

5. swapping

6. optimization

7. upgrading

1. archived

2. backed up

3. compressed

4. formatted

5. recovered

6. retrieved

7. upgraded

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “gadget – smartphone”: a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

One of the individual dots that make up a graphical image is known as (a) ___. a) resolution b) retina display c) brightness d) pixel

3

A device used for displaying an image on a screen, as from a transparent slide or film is known as a ___. a) hologram b) projector c) webcam d) monitor

4

All of these mean “a mechanism or a piece of equipment designed to perform a number of functions” EXCEPT FOR: a) charger b) gizmo c) device d) gadget

5

All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:

a) speaker b) headset c) microphone d) Braille embosser

6

All of these gadgets have rear cameras EXCEPT FOR:

a) MP3, b) smartphone c) I-pad d) tablet

7

All of these collocate with the adjective “digital” EXCEPT FOR:

a) divide b) time c) age d) certificate

8

All of these collocate with the adjective “optical” EXCEPT FOR:

a) cable b) media c) disk d) pixel

9

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “show – conceal”:

a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and purpose

10

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “webcam – input”:

a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and purpose

11

Cartographic data consist of ___ maps, that is, maps converted to numerical form.

a) digital b) digit c) digitized d) digitally

12

Once again, many thanks for your ____ in this matter.

a) assistant b) assistance c) assistive d) assist

13

All of these are wearable devices EXCEPT FOR: a) camera b) Google glasses c) digital helmet d) Braille embosser

14

A person who is obsessed with his electronic gadgets is called a gadget ____.

a) freak b) monitor c) gizmo d) fatigue

15

The part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of is known as a ___. a) speaker b) headset c) lens d) video card

16

Hackers can manipulate bank accounts ___ a keystroke.

a) with b) at c) in d) by

17

The bank imposed a penalty ___ the manager for data diddling.

a) on b) for c) to d) with

18

Mark the odd word: a) upgrade b) improve c) optimize d) promote

19

To get regular updates one has to subscribe ___ this publication.

a) to b) for c) – d) in

20

My visually impaired junior assistant helped the group get started on the ____ alphabet. a) Braille b) Brailled c) Brailling d) Brailles

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Battery (n)

a hardware component that supplies power to a device, enabling it to work without a power cord

~ case/life/level/capacity/pack; portable/external ~ pack; be powered by/run on/use/put/work on ~;

syn. power unit, power supply

Board (n)

a piece of fiberglass or other material upon which an array of computer chips is mounted

memory/mother/system/circuit ~;

replace/dust/upgrade the ~;

boardable (adj), board-like (adj),

board (v)

Break (v)

disconnect or interrupt; stop working, through wear or damage, make or become inoperative:

~ the circuit/silence/a habit/a record; break (n): ~ time/point; make/have/give/take a ~;

breakage (n), (un/non)breakable (adj), breakably (adv);

Cf. downtime, uptime

Card (n)

a piece of thick, stiff paper or thin pasteboard, used for writing or printing on; a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to add extra facilities or memory

~ cage/reader; binary/SD/ punched/graphic/sound/video ~; install/upgrade/pay by/put sth on/use a ~; carder (n)

Chip (n)

a small piece of silicon or other semi-conductive material on which circuits can be placed

~ set/density/card/socket; memory ~;

install/upgrade/replace a ~; chipper (n), chipping (n), chipped (adj), (un)chippable (adj)

Bluetooth (n)

a standard for a short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices

~ connection/speaker/

headphones/ headsets/adapter;

transfer/connect/send via ~

Convert (v)

change into sth of a different form or property

~(a/n) number/audio/format/graphics/video/data/document/input;

converter (n) ~ cable/box/software, AD ~; convertible (adj): ~ data/file/image/audio/video;

syn. transform, change

Computer (n)

an electronic device designed for performing operations on data at a high speed

~ animation/architecture/fraud/

graphics/games; run/use/switch on/off/log onto/off/boot up/start up/shut down/reboot/restart a ~; super/mini/mainframe/micro-~computerized (adj):

~ system/information/facility/

tool/ database/journal/record

CPU (abbr)

Central processing unit

the part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed

the ~ cooler/fan/slot/technology/ system; upgrade/(un)install the ~

Configuration (n)

an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form, figure, or combination; the particular choice and interconnection of hardware items that make up a particular computer system

~ standard/panel/processor/chip;

(re/mis)configure (v): ~ a system/hardware/software;

configurational (adj), configurative (adj), configurationally (adv)

Component (n)

a part or element of a larger whole, especially a part of a machine or vehicle, software or hardware

architecture/basic/important/major/essential/principal/engine/

electronic/ key/software/system ~; subcomponent (n), componential (adj);

syn. element, part, piece, bit, constituent, ingredient

Crash (n)

(of a machine, a business, etc.) a sudden drop in value or failure; the sudden and complete failure of a disk drive

market/public/financial ~;

major/serious/system ~; cause a ~;

crasher (n);

syn. break down

Cycle (n)

a single set of hardware operations, especially that by which memory is accessed and an item is transferred to or from it, to the point at which the memory may be accessed again

~ stealing/time/path; machine ~;

go through/complete/repeat a ~;

(re)cycle (v), cyclic (adj),

recycling (n)

Decoder (n)

a device capable of converting audio or video signals into a different form, for example from digital to analogue

~ chip/circuit/box/apparatus/board;

audio/video/satellite/binary ~;

decode (v): ~ a message/signal/ command/ language/symbol/text

ant. encode(r)

Downtime (n)

the period of time when sth is not in operation, especially as a result of a malfunction

minimize/schedule/eliminate/reduce ~;

syn. dead time

ant. uptime

Drive (n)

an electromechanical device that reads from and writes to disks

CD-ROM/disk/DVD/SSD/HDD/ floppy/hard/zip/optical/magnetic/ hybrid ~; driver (n): CD-ROM/software/printer ~; (non)drivable (adj), drive (v); driving (adj): a ~ force

Expand (v)

become or make larger or more extensive

~ from/to; expandability (n),expandable (adj), expansion (n): ~ slot;

syn. extend, enlarge

ant. shrink

Fault (n)

a defect in a hardware device or component

detection/diagnosis/tree analysis ~; have/diagnose/overlook/discover/find/identify/locate a ~; faulty (adj): ~ wire/picture/perception/content/brake/ program/device

syn. defect, flaw, imperfection

Joystick (n)

a manual control or cursor device, as one attached to a computer or a video game

~ port/button; analog ~;

(dis)connect/upgrade/replace a ~

Key (n)

a manually activated mechanism on a keyboard used for entering a character or command into a computer system; a field in a record which is used to identify that record uniquely

~board/pad/stroke; alt/arrow/backspace/control/ delete/escape/function/return/

shift ~; hit/hold down/press/touch a(the) ~; keyed (v), keying (v)

Laser (n)

a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation

~ head/pen/surgery/storage devices/technology/lens/disk/printer/beam/ treatment/gun/light;

a powerful ~; use a ~; burn a disc with a ~

Maintain (v)

cause or enable (a condition or situation) to continue; correct or prevent faults in hardware

~ (a) process/stability/balance/ standard; be difficult/easy to ~;

maintenance (n): preventative/ regular/need/proper ~;~ costs/services; maintainable (adj)

syn. keep (in a working order)

Memory (n)

the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information; the part of a computer in which data or program instructions can be stored for retrieval

have ~ for sth; (non)volatile/poor/bad/ excellent/visual/dynamic/static/ cache/computer/short-term/long-term/random-access ~; be stored in ~; evoke/revive/bring back/impair/ enhance the ~ of sth; commit to/recite from ~; come with 512Mb ~; if my ~ serves me right; memorable (adj), memorial (n); immemorial (adj): from time ~; memorize (v);

syn. recall, retention

Cf. RAM, ROM

Modem (n)

modulator and demodulator

a piece of equipment that is used to send information from a computer through a telephone line, cable or other link

connect via (a/the) ~; an external/internal/dial-up ~;

use/provide a ~

Monitor (n)

a device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous record of sth; a screen which displays an image generated by a computer

color/CCTV/computer ~; display sth on a/the ~;

monitor (v): ~ a process/compliance with sth; monitoring (n)

Mouse (n)

a cursor control device consisting of a hand-held control box used as a locator

click/double click/move/use a(the) ~; ~ button/click/cursor/pointer/pad

Operate (v)

function in a proper or a particular way

~ a computer/procedure/system/ device; be able to ~; operation (n): computer/logic/machine ~ ; ~ table/ register/code; operational (adj), operationally (adv), operator (n);

syn. run

Periphery (n)

the outer limits or edge of an area or object

peripheral (adj): ~ device/processor/ vision/system/feature/card/detail/ expansion; peripherality (n); peripheralize (v); peripherally (adv);

syn. outer edge, margin

ant. center

Platform (n)

a raised level surface on which people or things can stand; a group of computers that are compatible with each other and can run the same software

microcomputer/mobile computing ~;

mount sth/appear/stand on a ~;

platformer (n);

syn. stage

Port (n)

a connection in a computer to which an outside (peripheral) device can be attached

serial/parallel/USB/FireWire/ thunderbolt/Ethernet power ~; portable (adj): a ~ television/device/computer/ cassette/player

Printer (n)

an output device for printing text or images, especially the one linked to a computer

a(the) ~ cable/port/ribbon/driver/icon;

photo/laser/inkjet/impact/multifunction ~; control/drive/connect a(the) ~;

(re)print (v): ~ a document/photo /certificate/publication; printout (n)

Process (n)

an instance of a program being executed in a multitasking operating system, typically running in an environment that protects it from other processes

the update/boot/accelerate/launch a ~; process (v): ~ information/code/

data/oil; processor (n): data/audio/

graphics/word/multicore ~; processable (adj);

syn. procedure

Remove (v)

move sth from where it is; lift, push, transfer, or carry away, or from one place to another

~ a(n) scratch/virus/program/ application/disc;

removable (adj): a ~ disk;

removability (n);

syn. displace

Repair (v)

restore sth to a good condition after damage

~ (a) hardware/damage/gadget/device;

be in need of/need/require/undergo ~; repairer (n); non/repairable (adj); irreparable (adj): ~ damage/loss;

syn. fix;

ant. damage

Repeat (v)

do sth again or more than once

~ a(n) command/syntax/entry;

repetition (n), repetitive (adj), repeater (n), repeatable (adj), repeatability (n);

Cf. redo

Rotate (v)

move or cause to move in a circle round an axis or a center

allow sth to ~; ~ in a(n) anti-/clockwise direction; rotation (n), rotative (adj): ~ engine/motion; rotating (adj), rotary (adj),

rotatory (adj)

Scan (v)

look quickly but not very thoroughly through (a document or other text) in order to identify relevant information; convert into digital form for storage or processing on a computer

~ a(n) picture/document/pattern/page/ error; ~ sth into a computer; have/give sb/take a ~;

scannable (adj), scanner (n): film/fingerprint ~

Sector (n)

an area or portion that is distinct from others; a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk

~ configuration; divide sth into ~s; major/public/private/informal/ formal/administration/rural/

urban ~; sectoral (adj)

syn. area, locality

Server (n)

a computer that provides services to another computer

~ program/software/page;

computer/file/web/client/disk ~;

manage/control/protect/maintain/keep (on)/provide a ~

Unit (n)

a device that has a specified function, especially one forming part of a complex mechanism; a single manufactured item

a control/execution/functional/

logic/ processing ~;

break sth down into/divide sth into ~s; (un)install/(dis)assemble a ~

1. break down

2. remove

3. decoder

4. repair

5. convert

6. defect

7. battery

1. configure

2. damage

3. periphery

4. master

5. encode

6. uptime

7. shrink

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

irreparably

operate

repetition

breakably

processable

configure

expandable

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a joystick

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a laser

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

operate a

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

Process

1. expand

A. a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra facilities or memory

2. repair

B. become or make larger or more extensive

3. card

C. a computer that provides services to another computer

4. server

D. restore sth to a good condition after damage

5. fault

E. a defect in a hardware device or component

6. sector

F. the controlling unit in a pair of linked machines

7. master

G. an area or portion that is distinct from others

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. maintain – destroy

A. general and specific

2. printer – output

B. cause and effect

3. CPU – motherboard

C. contrast

4. computer - minicomputer

D. method and purpose

5. gadget - joystick

E. part and whole

6. operate – run

F. equivalence

7. overuse – crash

1. CPU – motherboard

2. card – flash drive

3. Bluetooth – WiFi

4. convert – configure

5. fault – crash

6. gamepad – joystick

7. modem – router

1. converted

2. expanded

3. processed

4. repaired

5. scanned

6. repeated

7. maintained

1. card

2. chip

3. Bluetooth

4. CPU

5. joystick

6. modem

7. port

1. breakdown

2. conversion

3. downtime

4. cycle

5. maintenance

6. operation

7. configuration

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “fix - damage”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) contrast

2

What is the logical relationship between “output device” and “printer”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole

d) equivalence

3

What is the logical relationship between “CPU” and “mother board”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole

d) equivalence

4

The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.

a) into b) in c) on d) to

5

A piece of fiberglass or other material upon which an array of computer chips is mounted is known as a ___. a) mother card b) transistor c) card d) board

6

All of these are input devices EXCEPT FOR:

a) webcam b) keyboard c) printer d) mouse

7

All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:

a) monitor b) projector c) speaker d) webcam

8

Mark the odd word: a) break-up b) break off c) breakdown d) break in

9

All of these collocate with the word “process” EXCEPT FOR:

a) information b) password c) data d) output

10

The period of time when sth is not in operation, especially as a result of a malfunction is called ___time. a) up b) on c) down d) over

11

Volatile memory, contrary to ____-volatile memory requires power to maintain the stored information. a) non-b) un c) im d) in

12

All of these are synonymous to the word “maintain” EXCEPT FOR:

a) keep b) regain c) sustain d) preserve

13

All of these can follow the noun “printer” EXCEPT FOR:

a) cable b) port c) ribbon d) board

14

The decoder at the other end converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a code which identifies the caller. a) to b) in c) on d) into

15

The manufacturing ___ is relatively simple.

a) procedures b) proceeding c) process d) proceedings

16

Mark the odd word:

a) rotary b) rotative c) rotatory d) rotation

17

The broken machine needs ____.

a) despair b) compare c) repair d) impair

18

That accident involved a truck with ____ brakes.

a) fault b) faultless c) faulty d) faultness

19

The company claims to have reduced machine ___.

a) downtime b) time c) uptime d) time out

20

The part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed is known as (a) ___. a) Bluetooth b) Wi-Fi c) CPU d) server

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Add (v)

join or put sth in(to) sth else so as to increase the size, number, or amount

~ a(n) function/program/text/image;

~ on program/weight;

addition (n): in ~ to; additive (n);

added (adj); additional (adj);

syn. augment

ant. subtract, deduct

Application (n)

a formal request to an authority; a set of one or more programs designed to carry out operations for a specific purpose which are unable to run on their own and depend on the system software to execute

documentation/graphics/presentation /spreadsheet and statistical/data management/file management/ information and reference software/education and training/entertainment /accounting and finance/business ̴ ;

~ of force; develop/set up/uninstall /update an ~; apply (v): ~ for a job/post/position; applied (adj): ~ science/mathematics; (non)applicable (adj); applicational (adj)

BIOS (abbr)

Basic Input/Output System

the program code and data stored in the permanent memory and used for booting process

~ setup;

embedded/flash ~;

display the ~ information

Boot (v)

kick sth hard in a specified direction; turn on a computer and get into the operating system

~ a(n) accelerator/application/band/computer/code/disc/drive/menu/sector/virus; booting (n): the ~ drive/environment /procedure/ process/sequence/stage;

bootable (adj): a ~ CD/drive/diskette; reboot (v);

syn. reset, (re)start

Catalogue (n)

an itemized list of titles, course offerings, or articles for exhibition or sale, including descriptive information or illustrations; a publication containing such a list

a ~ code/of samples/name; enter in/make a ~ of; catalogue (v): ~ business/buyers/by authors;

cataloguing (n): ~ problem; catalogued (adj), cataloguer (n);

syn. archive, directory

Cluster (n)

a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; a group of connected computers; the smallest managed section of a hard drive that holds a file

cluster (adj): ~ address/administrator/ administration/allocation/acceleration/bomb; form/organize ~(s);

clustered (adj): ~ access/database/index;

syn. array, bunch

Compatible (adj)

able to exist or occur together without problems or conflict; matching the previous versions of software, operating systems or hardware devices

backward/downward~; ~ application/browser/circuit/

blood;

syn. adaptable, appropriate, consistent; (in)compatibility (n);

ant. incompatible

Context (n)

the circumstances that form a setting for an event, statement, or idea, in terms of which it can be fully understood

consider/examine/look at/see/ understand/view sth in the ~ of; general/larger/overall/wider/ educational/regional/historical/cultural ~; define/describe the ~;

contextual (adj): ~ analysis/approach;

context (adj): ~ switch/menu/area/ analysis/activation;

syn. background, setting

ant. foreground

Desktop (adj)

(of office appliances, such as photocopiers and printers) which can be fitted on top of a desk

~ publishing/computer/apparatus/computer/access/application/

analysis/environment/accessories/configuration;

ant. portable/wearable (computer)

Design (v)

decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), by making its detailed drawing

~ a book/building/curriculum;

redesign (v); design (n): ~ approval/arrangement/automation; designer (n): ~ fashion/clothes /label/aids;

syn. architecture, layout

Driver (n)

a person who drives a vehicle; a program that controls the operation of a device such as a printer or a scanner

a(n) device/hardware/software/ upgrade /test ~; (un)install/update a ~;

drive (v): ~ a car/vehicle/at sth; ~ innovation; driverless (adj); driving (adj, n): the main/principal ~ force of/behind sth; ~ license, reckless ~

Embed (v)

fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; incorporate sth (a text, a code, a picture) within the body of a file or document

~ a(n) channel/file/chip/structure/ function/system/operation/ technology/software in(to) sth; embedding (n), embeddable (adj), embedded (adj): ~ OS;

syn. enclose, insert, incorporate

Emulate (v)

match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation; reproduce the function or action of a different computer, software system, etc.

~ a sound/action/design/environment/ one’s father/sb’s hairstyle/sb’s success;

emulation (n), emulator (n),

emulative (adj);

syn. imitate, copy, follow sb’s suit

Encapsulate (v)

enclose sth in or as if in a capsule; provide an interface for a piece of software or hardware to allow or simplify access for the user

~ a layer/information/program/

code; encapsulation (n),

encapsulated (adj)

Function (n)

an activity that is natural to or the purpose of sb/sth; a basic task of a computer, especially one that corresponds to a single instruction from the user

built-in/system/value/virtual/ annual/social ~; fulfill/perform/attend a ~; ~ procedure/editor/reference/ template; function (v): ~ as a robot/ normally; (non/dis)functional (adj), functionally (adv), functionality (n);

syn. feature, activity, operation

Icon (n)

sb or sth regarded as a representative symbol or as worthy of veneration; a symbol or graphic representation on a screen of a program, option, or window

pop/rock/fashion ~; ~ bar/control/ editor/-based/-driven;

program/document ~; create/change an ~; iconic (adj): ~ structure/path/interface /model;

syn. picture, symbol

Implement (v)

put a decision, plan, agreement, etc. into effect

~  a(n) scenario/action/plan/ agreement; implementation (n): program ~; ~ chart/file/defect/error/ pattern; implement (n): garden ~ (s); implementer(or) (n); implementable (adj); implementability (n);

syn. achieve, carry out

Install (v)

place or fix equipment or machinery in position ready for use; copy all of the necessary files to run a software program on a computer

~ (a) software/driver/process; installer (n); installing (n); installed (adj): ~ equipment/capacity/base;

installation (n): ~ aids/company/costs/ directions/instruction/manual/process/program/tool/wizard; installability (n); installable (adj): ~ device/driver/ RAM;

syn. put in place, set

ant. uninstall

Interface (n)

a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc. meet and interact; a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer

system/program/graphical/object/user/functional ~; ~ adapter/agent/area/ card/channel/connection/ element/design/functionality/kit/

protocol; interface (v): ~ with another system or person, interfaced (adj); interfacial (adj): ~ connection/failure/ joint/resistance/tension; interfacing (n): ~ capability/circuit/protocol/ software;

syn. interact with, connect with;

Cf. GUI (Graphical User Interface)

WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer)

Iteration (n)

repetition of a process or utterance; repetition of a function or process in a computer program; a new version of a piece of computer hardware or software

~ cycle/algorithm/function/factor/ index/loop/mode; iterate (v): ~ a(n) operation/function/ process; iterative (adj): ~ algorithm/analysis/approach/ code/ calculation/circuit/formula/ function/ filter/method/network/ procedure/ technique; reiterate (v);

iterating (adj); iterated (adj): ~ code/form/graph/operator;

syn. repetition

Kernel (n)

the central or most important part of sth; the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security

~ debugger/call/function/mode/driver; ~ of security/action/integral;

program/real-time/separable/expanded /security ~; address/define a ~;

syn. center, core

ant. periphery

Launch (v)

set (a newly built ship or boat) afloat for the first time with an official ceremony; send (a missile, satellite, or spacecraft) on its course; start or set in motion (an activity or program)

~ a campaign/program/vessel/ warship/rocket/spaceship;

launch (n): a ~ angle/power/team/ window; launcher (n): a waveguide ~; launching (n): a ~ pad/basin/fiber/rail/ site/tower; launchpad (n); launchway (n): ~ operation;

syn. start, commence

ant. end, finish

License (n)

 an agreement that allows sb or sth to use a service or perform an action as long as they agree to the terms provided therein

obtain/revoke a ~;

grant a ~ to sb;

~ agreement/fee/key/contract/holder; ~ -free; shrink-wrap/group/ corporate ~; licensed (adj): ~ software/product/ dealer/party; licensee (n); licenser (or) (n); licensing (adj): ~ procedure/scheme, service;

syn. certificate, warrant, permit

Menu (n)

the food available or to be served in a restaurant or at a meal; a list from which to choose; a list of commands or facilities displayed on screen

icon-driven/quick access/drop-down/context/pull-down/pop-up/application/feature/cascading ~; ~ box/button/access/choice/ entry/key/-driven/-guided/type/bar;

click on/choose from/change the ~

OS (abbr)

Operating System

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals

~ failure/design/kernel/management; server/user/home edition/virtual/ multiuser/multitasking/ multiprocessing/mobile ~; (un)install/update/change/reconfigure/be compatible with an ~

Package (n)

an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box; software that is bunched together to make a complete set

~ advertising/contract/deal/file/ holiday/module/offer/paper/tour; ~ of subcontract works; build/create a ~; packaged (adj): ~ software/system/ unit; packager (n); packaging (n): ~ density/film/machine/process/

robot;

syn. kit, parcel, container

Pointer (n)

a long, thin piece of metal on a scale or dial which moves to indicate a figure or position; a movable indicator on a computer screen identifying the point that will be affected by input from the user

~ device/instrument/operation/ token/tool/-driven/-linked;

screen/control/base/vertical/ address ~; point (n): boiling/freezing/hot ~; bring up/raise/concede/yield/cover/discuss/ emphasize/stress/underscore a ~; speak to the ~; at a ~; on this ~; point (v): ~ out problems/errors;

pointless (adj): ~ argument;

syn. cursor, arrow, issue

Recover (v)

return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength; stabilize or take a computer or electronic device back to a point when it was stable; restore a deleted file

~ command/function/from an error; recovery (n): system ~, ~ bug/control/ data/factor/node/period/process/rate/ work/time; recoverer (n): program ~;

recovered (adj): ~ file/heat/oil/signal;

recovering (n): ~ time/probability;

(ir)recoverable (adj): ~ error/failure/ reserves; (ir)recoverability (n);

syn. reclaim, regain, restore

Release (v)

allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free; make (a film, recording, or other product) available to the public

~ a film/disc/book/button/

prisoner;

release (n): ~ date/key/node, ~ of pressure/information/fluid;

released (adj): ~ capacity/state/version; releaser (n);

syn. (set) free, let go, issue

Script (n)

handwriting as distinct from print; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order; a small non-compiled program written for a scripting language or the command interpreter

~ file/language/font; command/machine/writer ~;

(re)write/create/compose/delete/edit a ~; scripting (n): ~ engine/ programming language; inscription (n), inscribe (v)

Software (n)

the programs and other operating information used by a computer

trial/open source/bundled/commercial/ edutainment/public domain/ encryption/licensed ~;

(un)install/configure/release/maintain/design/debug/distribute/implement/ manage/control/test ~; ~ bug/cache/ command/component/configuration /debugging/design/distribution/ engineering/failure/implementation/ life-cycle/management/ piracy/publisher/ utility; ~-based controller/design;

syn. program

ant. hardware

Specification (n)

an act of identifying sth precisely or of stating a precise requirement; description of an invention accompanying an application for a patent

~ change/deficiency/error/limit/ requirements/review/statement/writer; ~ of contract/cargo/tolerances;

specify (v): ~ the(a) needs/conditions/ offer/diagnosis/extension; specificity (n): ~ of test/construction; specified (adj): ~ behavior/criteria/constraints/ conditions/load/number/quality/ temperature/time;

syn. stipulation, parameter, condition

System (n)

a complex whole; a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a group of related programs or hardware units or both, especially when dedicated to a single application

~ requirements/engineer/

interface/analyst/area/approach/architecture/board/bus/code/console/control/crash/debugging/design/disc/element/failure/library/memory/menu/registry;

(re)set/start/boot/(un)install/update/ change/(re)configure/access a ~; application/ computer/back-up/binary/ control/ error-correcting/detecting/ information ~;

syn. scheme, structure

ant. chaos, disorder

Task (n)

a piece of work to be done or undertaken; an activity or a piece of work which CPU has to perform, usually as part of a larger project

active/current ~; perform/set/ fulfill/complete/carry out/ cancel/abandon/undertake/ assign/entrust sb with a ~;

~-based approach/allocation/ activation/assignment/group/list/ plan/queue; ~ scheduler/priority/ queue/register/table/bar;

syn. assignment, undertaking

Cf. multitasking

Update (v)

make sth more modern or up-to-date; download a software file that contains refreshed information and various fixes

~ a status/software/file;

update (n): news/automatic/ manual/timely ~, ~ rate/time;

updated (adj): ~ program/antivirus/file /database/information/version/sample; updater (n): table ~; updating (n): batch/file/memo/screen ~;

syn. modernize, renovate

ant. outdated, out-of-date

Utility (n)

the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial; system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer

public/debugging/disk compression/ maintenance/setup ~; ~ allocation/ area/core/computing/device/ equipment/function/kernel;

(un)install/update/change a ~;

public ~ies; utilize (v): ~ fully/partially; utilizable (adj): ~ waste; utilization (n): ~ coefficient/ factor/level/parameter/property/rate; utilized (adj); utilizer (n);

syn. service

Cf. recycle

Version (n)

a particular form of sth differing in certain respects from an earlier form or other forms of the same type of thing; a particular release of a piece of computer software

demo/beta/active/trial/professional/ crippled/licensed ~; ~ control/ management/tracking;

release/copy a ~; versioning (n);

syn. form, variant

Widget (n)

 an application, or a component of an interface that enables a user to perform a function or access a service; an additional feature or 

extension to a software  program, OS GUI, or a web page, which enables additional features

~ library/set; un(install)/update/change /reconfigure a ~;

syn. gizmo, apparatus, appliance, device

-ware (n)

manufactured articles of a specified type; type of software

share/demo/ad/group/spy/cripple/crap/ mal/free/stone/table/kitchen/

metal ~;

syn. commodity

Window (n)

an opening in the wall or roof of a building or vehicle, to admit light or air; a framed area on a display screen for viewing information

~ control/frame/menu/space/width; ~-based OS; ~ of vulnerability; acceptance/contact/display/help/ hidden/graphics/pop-up/welcome/ active/alert/application ~; overlapping ~s; bring up a ~; extend beyond the edge of the ~; windowed (adj): ~ address/registers; windowing (n): ~ environment/software/system;

windowless (adj): ~ photo-multiplication

1. boot

2. catalogue

3. design

4. embed

5. emulate

6. function

7. icon

8. implement

1. add

2. context

3. install

4. kernel

5. launch

6. recover

7. release

8. system

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

application

installable

iteratively

pointer

update

implemented

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

cluster

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

desktop

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

interface

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

software

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

utility

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

specification

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

version

1. shareware

A. adjunct software that displays advertising while the program it is attached to is running

2. software

B. software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users

3. freeware

C. software that self-installs on computers and tracks the user's Internet use, mainly for marketing purposes

4. adware

D. software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use

5. groupware

E. software specifically designed to disrupt or damage a computer system

6. spyware

F. the programs and other operating information used by a computer

7. malware

G. software that is available without any payment

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. context – foreground

A. general and specific

2. icon - interface

B. contrast

3. application – graphics software

C. equivalence

4. core - periphery

D. part and whole

5. update – security

E. method and purpose

6. incompatibility - failure

F. cause and effect

7. Interface – GUI

GNU - closed source software

application software - utility

BIOS – OS

shareware - freeware

input – output

emulate – imitate - simulate

boot – reboot

1. shareware

2. software

3. freeware

4. adware

5. groupware

6. spyware

7. malware