Terminological Practicum for IT Students

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY JSC

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES

V. Yermakova

B. Jolamanova

M. Vasquez

TERMINOLOGICAL PRACTICUM

FOR IT STUDENTS

Approved

by Academic-Methodological Council

of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Almaty

2017

УДК

ББК

Reviewers:

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Rector of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages Kunanbayeva S.S.

Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of Kazakh British Technical University Zagidullin R.Z. Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor of IITU Issayev M.K.

Candidate of Economical Sciences, Professor of IITU Berdylulova G.M.

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of IITU Zhanabayeva S.B.

Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of IITU Niyazgulova A.A.

Approved by Academic-Methodological Council of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Authors:

V.A. Yermakova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Assistant Professor

B.D. Jolamanova, Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor

M. Vasquez, Senior Lecturer, Master of Special Education

Terminological practicum for IT students/V.A. Yermakova, B.D. Jolamanova, M. Vasquez Almaty: IITU, 2017.

ISBN

The manual “Terminological Practicum for IT students” is meant to complement English for ICT textbooks for the students of Pre-Intermediate - Upper Intermediate levels majoring in ICT.

It consists of two parts, each containing several thematically organized modules. Each module comprises a 40-terms glossary, a set of language and speech activities, aimed at memorizing and free use of the ICT terms, and a vocabulary test to check the knowledge. Well-structured and independently organized modules make lesson planning easy and flexible.

The manual is supplemented with the keys for exercises and tests. Alphabetical index provides quick search of terms.

УДК

ББК

ISBN

©IITU, 2017

МИНИСТЕРСТВР ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ

КАФЕДРА ЯЗЫКОВ

В.А. ЕРМАКОВА

Б.Д. ДЖОЛАМАНОВА

М. ВАСКЕС

ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ

ИКТ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Одобрено

Республиканским учебно-методическим советом

Almaty

2017

УДК

ББК

Рецензенты:

Доктор педагогических наук, профессор, ректор КАЗУМОиМЯ Кунанбаева С.С.

Доктор филологических наук, профессор КБТУ Загидуллин Р.З.

Доктор филологических наук, профессор МУИТ Исаев М.К.

Кандидат технических наук, профессор МУИТ Айтмагамбетов А.З.

PhD, сениор-лектор МУИТ Хамитов А.Н.

MSc in International Business, ассистент профессор МУИТ Каржаубаева С.Э.

Одобрено Республиканским учебно-методическим советом

Авторы:

Ермакова В.А., кандидат филологических наук, ассистент-профессор

Джоламанова Б.Д., кандидат филологических наук, ассоциированный профессор

М. Васкес, магистр педагогики, сениор-лектор

Terminological practicum for IT students/В.АЕрмакова, Б.ДДжоламанова, M. Васкес. – Алматы: МУИТ, 2017.

ISBN

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов технических ВУЗов и колледжей, а также ИКТ факультетов изучающих обязательную дисциплину «Профессиональный английский язык». Тематически пособие охватывает широкий спектр информационно-технических специальностей, таких как: Информационные системы, Вычислительная техника и программное обеспечение, Математическое и компьютерное моделирование, Радиотехника, электроника и телекоммуникации, Системы информационной безопасности и Информатика.

Пособие нацелено на введение, расширение и закрепление терминологического словаря обучающихся, развитие навыков использования английского языка как средства профессионального общения и является существенным дополнением к основным учебникам курса, поскольку содержит базовые, широко распространенные термины.

Пособие построено по тематическому принципу и состоит из двух блоков: общего (содержащего общие ИКТ термины, необходимые каждому обучающемуся в работе с ПК и в Интернете) и специального (предназначенного для отдельных технических специальностей, перечисленных выше). Модуль является независимой единицей, что делает удобным и гибким планирование программы обучения.

Каждый модуль состоит из глоссария, содержащего 40 наиболее частотных и значимых терминов по указанным специальностям, и снабжен: серией из 15 упражнений (7 языковых и 8 речевых) на закрепление и выведение в речь отобранных терминов, контрольным тестом на проверку качества усвоения терминов, состоящим из 20 заданий множественного выбора и ключами к тесту и упражнениям закрытого типа. Алфавитный индексальный глоссарий обеспечивает легкий поиск терминов.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL PART p.

Module 1. People in IT 5

Module 2. Devices and gadgets

Module 3. Texting

Module 4. Hardware

Module 5. Software

Module 6. Cyberspace

Module 7. Cyber crime

Module 8. Cyber security

Module 8. Trends in IT

SPECIFIC PART

Module 10. Data storage

Module 11. Networks

Module 12. Programming

Module 13. Radioelectronics

Module 14. Telecommunication

Module 15. Computer modeling

Module 16. Mathematics

KEYS

INDEX


GENERAL PART

Module 1. PEOPLE IN IT

Term

Definition

Usage

Administrator (n)

an individual who is responsible for the running of and day-to-day operation of a project, program, business, organization, etc.

work as/perform the functions of/ take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as an ~; occupy/get promoted to/give up/take up the position of an ~; database/system ~;

administration (n), administer (v), administrative (adj); administratively;

syn. manager

Analyst (n)

a person engaged in detailed examination of the computer systems and procedures and designing information system solutions to help them operate more efficiently and effectively

work as/perform the functions of/take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as an ~; occupy/get promoted to/give up/take up the position of an ~; information security/support ~; analysis (n), analyze (v), analytical (adj), analytically (adv)

Architect (n)

the one who designs and builds computer systems

work as/perform the functions of /take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as an ~; occupy/get promoted to/give up/take up the position of an ~; architecture (n): personal computer /modern computer/client-server/64-bit computer ~; architectural (adj): ~ design

Back (adj)

the side or part of the work that is not normally seen by the customer

~-end programmer/developer;

~ -office employee;

ant. front-end; front-office

Blogger

an individual or a small group regularly updating its weblog (blog for short) run in an informal or conversational style

a popular/famous/notorious ~; blog (v); blog (n): make a post on/keep/block a ~; blogging (n)

Botmaster (n)

an individual who maintains a bot and is responsible for keeping it online, fixing errors, ensuring compliance with the rules of the channel or server it's logged into

act as/perform the functions of/take on the responsibilities of a ~

Cryptographer (n)

the one engaged in protecting sensitive data and making it unreadable for anyone not meant to see the data

work as/ take on the responsibilities of/earn one’s living as a ~; occupy/give up /take up the position of a ~; decrypt (v), encrypt (v), cryptography (n), cryptographic (adj)

Consumer (n)

a person who uses goods and services

~ demand/culture/spending/goods/protection/products/durables/electronics/market/boom; protect/benefit the ~; consume (v), consumerism (n) syn. end-user

Customer (n)

a person who buys goods or services from a shop or a business

~ service/support; customize (v), customized (adj), customization (n)

syn. client, clientele

Designer (n)

the one who is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

a graphic ~; design (n): make ~ decisions, computer-aided/creative/ standard ~; designed (adj): a specially ~ feature

Developer (n)

the one who creates a computer program and brings it into existence

program/application/web/back-end/front-end ~; develop (v), development (n), developmental (adj)

Engineer (n)

a person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

computer software/hardware ~;

engineering (n): software/hardware/power ~

Expert (n)

a person who is very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area

security ~ ; an ~ in sth; expert (adj): be ~ at sth; ~ evaluation of sth;

expertise (n): technical ~; a field of ~;

syn. proficiency

Follower (n)

on social media sites, someone who subscribes to and receives sb’s updates

have ~s; become sb’s ~;

follow (v), following (adj)

Geek (n)

a knowledgeable and obsessive enthusiast; an individual who frequently uses the computer in his or her free time rather than participates in any other activities

alpha/ugly~; geek (v), geekish (adj);

syn. addict

Cf. a nerd

Freelancer (n)

a self-employed person hired to work for different companies on particular assignments

earn one’s living as a ~;

freelance (n): a ~ programmer, try one’s hand in ~

Lamer (n)

(slang) a stupid, inept, or dull person, who does not understand what he or she is doing

feel like/be a ~; a bunch of ~s

Layman (n)

a person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject

a ~ in sth; an interested/intelligent ~;

syn. amateur; ant. professional

Lurker (n)

a person who reads the postings in an Internet forum without actively contributing to it

be/act as a ~; lurk (v): ~ in a chatroom/on listservs

Manager (n)

a person responsible for controlling or administering sth

a network/product/program ~;

(mis)manage (v), (mis)management (n), managerial (adj)

Master (n)

a person who has complete control of sth

Web/bot~ ; gamemaster (gamester) (); ~ of the situation;

ant. slave

Moderator (n)

a person who governs, drives, mediates an Internet forum or an online discussion

act as/perform the functions of/take on the responsibilities of a ~;

(im)moderate (adj); moderation (n); (im)moderately (adv)

Nerd (n)

an individual who is obsessed with science, math, or technology, commonly possessing little or no social skills

a computer ~;

nerdy (adj), nerdish (adj), nerdishness (n)

syn. geek, devotee

Netizen (n)

a user of the Internet, especially a habitual or keen one

privacy-conscious ~s; the new generation of ~s; netizenry (n); netizenship (n);

Cf. citizen

Newbie (n)

an inexperienced newcomer to a particular activity

netizen ~s; a ~ on the computer; a ~ to Linux

syn. novice

Programmer (n)

the ones who write codes to create software programs by turning the program designs made by software developers and engineers into instructions that a computer can follow

applications/systems/Java/experienced ~; program (v), program (n), (re)programmable (adj); (re)programming (n)

Provider (n)

(ISP)

a company that provides

Internet access to users or subscribers of its service

a leading/major ~; provide (v): ~ sb with sth; ~ for sth; provision (n); provided that… (conj);

syn. supplier

Operator (n)

the person responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems

machine/equipment ~;

operation (n): be (put) in ~; operate

(v): ~ upon sb; operational (adj): ~ expenses; be fully ~

Repairer (n)

the one who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition

work as/use the services of a ~; repair (n): be in a state of ~; need ~; ~ damage; be beyond ~;

syn. fix (up), mend

Savvy (adj)

shrewd and knowledgeable about sth

a computer-~ person; a ~ player;

syn. intelligent, canny

Scientist (n)

one inventing and designing new approaches to the computing technology and finding innovative uses for the existing technology

computer/information research ~; science (n); scientific (adj): ~ study/knowledge/community; scientifically (adv);

syn. researcher, theorist

Specialist (n)

a person highly skilled in a specific and restricted field

computer support/network support/multimedia/security ~;

specialize (v): ~ in sth, specialty (n), special (adj), specially (adv)

Subscriber (n)

the one who has arranged for access to an electronic mailing list or an online service

~ to a magazine/service; a new ~; subscribe (v): ~ to sth online; subscription (n;

ant. unsubscribe

Surfer (n)

the one who moves from site to site on the Internet

Internet ~;

surfing (n), surf (v)

Technician (n)

a person employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application of science

a software/laboratory/CISCO/skilled ~; technique (n), technology (n), technical (adj);

Cf. techie

Telecommuter (n)

the one working for a company from home, making use of the Internet, email, and the telephone

telecommute (v); telecommuting (n): allow for/promote ~

Troubleshooter (n)

the one analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization, or tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system

helpdesk ~;

troubleshooting (v): have a proven track record in ~; preventive maintenance and ~

User (n)

a person who applies or operates sth, a client, customer, consumer

end/power/default ~;

~ manual/account/base/ID/profile

/policy; useful (adj), usable (adj), usability (n), user-friendly (adj): ~-interface/device/gadget; user-friendliness (n)

Vendor (n)

a person or company that provides a service or a product and offers it for sale, especially in the street

a street ~;

vend (v), vending (adj): ~ machine,

vendible (adj);

syn. seller

Wizard (n)

a person who is very skilled in a particular field or activity

a computer/financial ~;

syn. genius, master, expert

1. Computer and information technology occupations. US Bureau of Labour Statistics. [Online]. Available: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/home.htm [Accessed: 13 Sept. 2015]

2. Browse job profiles. Graduate prospects. [Online]. Available: http://www.prospects.ac.uk/types_of_jobs_information_technology.htm [Accessed: 21 Sept. 2015]

3. Computer dictionary. Computer Hope. [Online]. Available: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/jd.htm [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]

4. Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. geek

2. administrator

3. layman

4. end-user

5. client

6. wizard

7. provider

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. backend

2. encrypt

3. layman

4. newbie

5. master

6. vendor

7. client

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

operate

special

program

developmentally

consume

analyst

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

administrator

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

user

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

programmer

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

manager

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. cryptographer

A. an individual who is responsible for the running of and the day-to-day operation of a project, program, a business, organization

2. moderator

B. the one who decides upon the look and functioning of program and is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

3. administrator

C. the one engaged in protecting sensitive data and making it unreadable for anyone not meant to see the data

4. telecommuter

D. a person who drives or mediates an Internet forum or online discussion

5. designer

E. the one working for a company from home, making use of the Internet, email, and the telephone

6. vendor

F. the one tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization

7. troubleshooter

G. a person or company that provides a service or a product and offers it for sale, especially in the street

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. He is a newbie __ the computer.

2. Who will take __ the manager responsibilities?

3. He is an expert __ programming.

4. You can’t fix the scanner. It is __ repair.

5. Have you subscribed __ this magazine?

6. He has a proven track-record __ troubleshooting.

7. I took __ the position of an administrator.

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following words:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. expert - newbie

A. general and specific

2. digital technologies – telecommuting

B. cause and effect

3. developer – designer

C. contrast

4. architect – designer

D. method and purpose

5. Internet forum – moderator

E. part and whole

6. bug – debugging

F. equivalence

7. wizard – lamer

Activity 8. Decode John Pfeiffer’s saying about computers and people and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. front end - back end programmer

2. consumer-customer

3. nerd – geek

4. lurker – follower

5. lamer – newbie

6. freelancer – full-time employee

7. netizen – citizen

Activity 10. Divide the above listed IT professions into 2 groups of “white-collar” and “blue-collar” jobs.

Activity 11. Relate the following professions to the respective stages of programming and arrange them chronologically:

Troubleshooter

Operator

Designer

Analyst

Cryptographer

Developer

Activity 12. Name 5 back-end jobs directly related to programming. Give their brief description.

Activity 13. Name 5 front-end office jobs directly related to programming. Give their brief description.

Activity 14. Identify 5 computer problems and say who you would ask for help (e.g. if you need a non-existent application, if your computer is out of order, if you want to buy a computer, etc.)

Activity 15. Describe your personal experience of working as a…or the computer-related job, which you would like to do.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “master - slave”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “geek – alpha geek”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

3

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “subscriber - follower”: a) equivalence b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

4

Mark the odd word: a) fix b) mend c) repair d) restore

5

Which of these is a person who governs or mediates an Internet forum or online discussion: a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator

6

Which of these maintains an autonomous program on a network:

a) gamester b) botmaster c) moderator d) administrator

7

Which of these is a computer-savvy person:

a) layman b) lamer c) wizard d) newbie

8

Which of these has the most theoretical field of expertise:

a) expert b) specialist c) analyst d) scientist

9

You can subscribe ___ the listserv for £3 per annum and receive advance notice of all events. a) for b) in c) to d) on

10

He is an expert __ project development. a) for b) in c) at d) on

11

Some people just lurk ___ listservs without participating.

a) for b) in c) at d) on

12

A developer is the one who

a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence

b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

c) who writes codes to create software programs

d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

13

A programmer is the one who

a) creates a computer program and brings it into existence

b) is responsible for creating solutions that have a high visual impact

c) who writes codes to create software programs

d) designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

14

Mark the odd word: a) provider b) customer c) client d) consumer

15

A person who uses goods and services is called a(n)___ .

a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor

16

A person or company that offers a service or a product for sale, especially in the street is called a(n)___. a) consumer b) customer c) client d) vendor

17

A repairer is a person

a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application of a science

b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems

c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition

d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization

18

An operator is a person ___ .

a) employed to look after technical equipment, an expert in the practical application of a science

b) responsible for the secure and efficient work of computer hardware systems

c) who restores sth damaged or faulty to a normal working condition

d) tracing and correcting faults in an electronic system or analyzing and solving serious problems for a company or other organization

19

The difference between a nerd and a geek concerns mostly ___ .

a) stylistic coloring b) field of operation c) gender d) attitude to occupation

20

Процесс поиска неисправностей, диагностики и устранения неполадок” is best translated as: a) repairing b) mending c) troubleshooting d) fixing


Module 2. TEXTING

Term

Definition

Usage

Align (v)

line up type and other graphic elements using a horizontal or vertical line as the reference point

~ left/right/center; ~ sth with sth; left ~ a paragraph;

alignment (n), aligned (adj);

syn. justify

ant. non-alignment

Bold (adj)

confident and courageous; using dark, heavy strokes in typing, especially for emphasis

printed in ~ type; bolding (n): preserve ~; debold (v), unbold (v);

syn. conspicuous, distinct

Bullet (n)

a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or introducing each item in a list, for emphasis

insert/use a ~ point/symbol;

bulleted (adj): a ~ list

Cf. a numbered list

Case (n)

the parameter indicating the letter size to distinguish capital letters as opposed to small letters

upper/lower ~; change ~;

~-sensitive (adj);

Cf: caps, caps lock

Clipboard (n)

a software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer between documents or applications, via copy and paste operations

send/copy from (to) the ~; the Windows ~; a ~ copy/toolbar/ operation

Close (v)

move so as to cover an opening; make a file inaccessible after use, so that it is securely stored until required again

~ a folder/program/application/ file; (dis)closure (n), disclose (v);

ant. open

Compile (v)

collect information in order to produce a list, a report, etc.

~ (a) data/database/list/report/

book/program/statistics/profile/

CV/portfolio;

compiler (n), compilation (n);

syn. assemble, put together

Copy (v)

reproduce data (stored in one location) in another location

~ a file/text/diagram; copy (n): a(n) soft/hard/free/enclosed/ certified/master/backup ~; a photocopy (n);

syn. duplicate

ant. original

Correct (v)

free from error; put sth (an error or fault) right; bring sth in accordance with fact or truth

~ a(n) mistake/error/fault; correction (n): ~ fluid; (in)correct (adj), (in)correctly (adv), corrector (n), corrective (adj): a ~ step/action/instruction; correctional (adj): institution/staff/supervisor

syn. remedial

Delete (v)

remove data from a computer memory

~ a word/file/folder/phrase/ memory; a ~ key; deletion (n), (un)deletable (adj);

syn. erase

ant. undelete

Edit (v)

revise or correct some written material to make it publishable

~ a text/file/webpage/article/ paper; editor (n), (un)edited (adj): ~ content/text; edition (n), (un)editable (adj); editorial (n, adj): ~ board;

syn. correct, proofread

Enter (v)

write or key (information) in a book, computer, etc.

~ transactions/data/information into the computer/register/logbook; the ~ key; entry (n): data ~, make/post an ~; entrance (n)

File (n)

a folder or a box for holding loose papers together and in order; collection of related data stored in a computer memory or on a storage device under a single identifying name

save a ~ to a disc; delete/open/ select/share/upload/zip/download a ~; a fact~; ~ extension; rank-and-file;

file (v): ~ a(n) document/application/complaint; filing (adj): a ~ system;

syn. document

Folder (n)

a file which consists solely of a set of other related files or documents

save sth in/add sth to/open/delete/ create a ~; a junk mail/new ~; (un)fold (v), (un)folded (adj);

syn. directory

Font (n)

a complete set of characters having a specific look, size and style 

choose/use/select a ~; a variety of ~s; the required ~;

syn. typeface

Format (n)

a definite structure for the processing, storage, or display of data

~ (a) disc/data/text; apply/copy/paste/delete a ~; the binary/file/HTML/JPEG/A4 ~; the ~ requirements; (re)format (v), (re)formatted (adj)

Forward (v)

send on to a further destination

~ a letter/document/message to sb; a ~ slash; forwarded (adj): ~ to/from address; forwarding (adj): a ~ address;

syn. redirect

Highlight (v)

make sth visually prominent, draw special attention to sth by changing color

~ an issue; highlight (n): ~ of the season/year; highlighter (n); highlighted (adj): ~ in green

Image (n)

a visible impression obtained by a camera, telescope, microscope, or other device, or displayed on a computer or video screen

blurred/focused ~; ~-processing techniques/algorithms; imagine (v), imagery, imagination (n), (un)imaginable (adj)

Import (v)

transfer (data) into a file or document

~ data/a file from (to) a disc;

ant. export

Indent (v)

start (a line of text) or position (a block of text) further from the margin than the main part of the text

~ the first line; indentation (n), indented (adj): ~ two spaces from…

ant. unindented

Insert (v)

include a symbol, image, word, text in a piece of writing

~ a word/letter/graphic/sound/ text; insertion (n);

syn. incorporate

Italic(s) (n)

the sloping (inclined) kind of typeface used especially for emphasis or distinction

~ type/typeface; remove/preserve /be given in/restore ~s; (de)italicize (v);

syn. Cursive

Layout (n)

the way in which a text or pictures are set out or arranged on a page or in a work

a(n) physical/randomized/visual/ interactive data/basic/ (un)cluttered/(un)inviting ~; do the ~

Margin (n)

the blank border on each side of the print on a page

write/scribble sth in the ~; a wide/narrow ~; win by a wide/narrow ~; within the ~ of error; marginal (adj); marginally (adv); marginalize (v)

Move (v)

change the place, position of sth

~ sth to …; remove (v), move (n): a career ~; unmovable (adj); movement (n), immovable (adj);

syn. shift

Option (n)

a thing that is or may be chosen

choose/change/select an ~; default/print ~; opt (v): ~ for sth; optional (adj), optionally (adv)

syn. alternative, choice

Paste (v)

insert a piece of text or other data copied from elsewhere (the contents of the clipboard) at the cursor point

~ a word/paragraph/symbol into (from) a document/file/section; copy/cut-~ operations;

syn. glue

Pending (v)

remaining undecided or unsettled, waiting decision or settlement; while in the process of, during

a ~ report/file/action/proceedings/ patent;

syn. awaiting decision, incomplete

Proofread (v)

read written or printed material for marking and correcting any errors

need/do ~ing; ~ for accuracy

Save (v)

keep safe or rescue sb or sth from harm or danger; keep data by moving a copy to a storage location

~ time/money/a file/a text/a folder; ~ on to a server/disc/the hard drive/memory stick

Select (v)

use a mouse or keystrokes to mark sth on a computer screen for a particular operation

~ a word/text/passage/file/option; deselect (v), selection (n), selective (adj), selectively (adv);

syn. choose

Space (n)

a blank between printed, typed, or written words, characters, numbers, etc.

double/single/back/blank ~; ~ bar; leave ~ for sth; spacing (n)

Spreadsheet (n)

an electronic document in which data is arranged in the rows and columns of a grid and can be manipulated and used in calculations

fill in/leave sth blank in/create/ enter sth in(to)/print out/copy/paste/use/delete a ~; spreadsheeting (n)

Stroke (n)

an act of hitting or striking sb or sth

(a key) or moving one’s hand across a surface with gentle pressure

at a ~; a ~ of luck, a key~;

strike (v), striking

Textese (n)

the language of abbreviations and slang commonly used in digital  text messaging

use/master ~; ~ symbols/abbreviations

Underscore (v)

(on a computer or typewriter keyboard) a short horizontal line on the baseline ( _ )

the ~ character/symbol;

syn. underline

Template (n)

a preset format for a document or file, used so that it does not have to be recreated each time it is used

download/upload/copy/look for a ~;

syn. model, blueprint, sample

Type (v)

write letters and symbols on a typewriter or computer to input a text by pressing the keys

~ a text/word; retype (v); typeface (n); typo (n); typist (n)

Cf. word-processing

View (v)

look at or inspect; to have a particular attitude or opinion

come into/obstruct/hold the ~; a sober/different ~; from sb’s point of ~; with a ~ to sth; on ~; viewer (n), viewable (adj), viewpoint (n)

1. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]

2. Flax collocations. University of Waikato. [Online]. Available: http://flax.nzdl.org/greenstone3/flax?c=590readings&a=g&rt=r&sa=FlaxCollocationRetrieve&s=FlaxCollocationBrowse&s1.query=image [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]

3. Texting slang, Your dictionary. [Online]. Available: http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/slang/texting-slang.html [Accessed: 21 Oct. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. justify

2. alternative

3. cursive

4. conspicuous

5. delete

6. folder

7. paste

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. bold

2. select

3. movable

4. italicize

5. movable

6. correct

7. upper case

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

align

deletion

immovably

option

strike

marginal

un/imaginable

in/correctly

Activity 4. Make up phrases by matching the words in the left column with those in the right:

1. correct

A. left/right/center

2. enter

B. database/a list/a report/a book/a program/a profile/a CV/a portfolio

3. align

C. a(n) mistake/error/fault

4. paste

D. transactions/data/information into the computer

5. compile

E. a word/paragraph/symbol into a document/file/section

6. pending

F. a word/text/passage/file/option

7. select

G. (a/n) report/file/action/proceedings/patent

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. clipboard

A. a heavy dot itemizing particular sections of text or introducing each item in a list

2. pending

B. a software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer

3. template

C. a definite structure for the processing, storage, or display of data

4. margin

D. remaining undecided or unsettled, waiting decision or settlement

5. bullet

E. a preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does not have to be recreated each time it is used

6. forward

F. the blank border on each side of the print on a page

7. format

G. send on to a further destination

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. My notes are highlighted __ green.

2. I have saved the file __ a disc/___ a server.

3. Their party won the elections __ a wide margin.

4. The newly independent countries opted ___ the market economy.

5. You should proofread the translation ___ accuracy.

6. We met them halfway with a view ___ continued cooperation.

7. The truly market mechanisms are not yet ___ place.

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. write – scribble

A. general and specific

2. template – model

B. cause and effect

3. error – typo

C. contrast

4. page – margin

D. method and purpose

5. copy – original

E. part and whole

6. folder – file

F. equivalence

7. bold type - emphasis

Activity 8. Decode Sherry Turkle’s saying about texting and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

proofread – edit

entry – entrance

type - typeface – font

strike – stroke

file-folder

layout – format – template

italic-italics

<Object: word/embeddings/oleObject1.bin>

Activity 10. Explain the meaning and use of the prefixes “de-“, “im”, “un-“, “in-“, “re-“ and give not less than 3 examples of each.

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1. template

2. font

3. clipboard

4. folder

5. bullet

6. underscore

7. image

Activity 12. Name 3-5 things/operations you can do for the given purpose; say how you can do them:

1. To emphasize a word in a text

2. To eliminate mistakes in a text

3. To digitize a text

4. To make your text look better

Activity 13. Name the texting operations most problematic for you/rarely use by you. Explain why. Think of some new texting operations that may be introduced and explain why we need them.

Activity 14. Semantic mapping: draw a flow chart reflecting the process of texting.

Activity 15. Write an essay on how word-processing has changed our life.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “emphasis – bold type”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “write-scribble”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

3

Which of these is the most specific:

a) error b) mistake c) typo d) blunder

4

A preset format for a document or file, used so that the format does not have to be recreated each time it is used is known as ___ .

a) model b) template d) format d) module

5

Many buyers tend to opt ___ a more practical design.

a) on b) for c) at d) out

6

A software facility used for short-term data storage and/or data transfer between documents or applications, via copy and paste operations is called a/n ___.

a) clipboard b) clip c) board d) clip board

7

Please save the file ___ a disc. a) on b) in c) to d) from

8

A particular design of type in printing is known as ___.

a) type b) typeface c) face d) typo

9

The language of abbreviations and slang commonly used in digital text messaging is called ____.

a) officialese b) textese c) journalese d) Vietnamese

10

Mark the odd word: a) correct b) edit c) proofread d) read

11

All of these are used for emphasis EXCEPT FOR:

a) align b) bold c) italics d) highlight

12

All of these are text formatting operations EXCEPT FOR: a) indenting b) proofreading c) aligning d) listing

13

Mark the odd word: a) cursive b) italics c) bold d) highlight

14

When a large number of copies of the same document or form are required, they can be duplicated or photocopied from a ___ copy.

a) backup b) master c) duplicate d) photo

15

Small typefaces make the text ___ and difficult to read.

a) blurred b) focused c) indented d) distinct

16

Before submitting your paper, ___ and correct it if necessary.

a) read b) reread c) proofread d) check

17

____ “Esc” to make the message line disappear.

a) Entry b) Enter c) Entrance d) Entree

18

The computer is also programmed automatically to store the actual date of data ___, without displaying this information.

a) entry b) enter c) entrance d) entree

19

The Conservatives won the elections in October ___ a very narrow margin. a) with b) by c) on d) in

20

Caps Lock will only type letters in the ___ case.

a) lower b) upper c) higher d) low


Module 3. DEVICES AND GADGETS

Term

Definition

Usage

Assist (v)

help sb typically by doing a share of the work, providing money or information

~ sb at/in/with sth; assistant (n), assistance (n); assistive (adj): ~ technology;

syn. help, aid, give sb a hand

ant. hinder sth, prevent sb from doing sth

Barcode (n)

a set of printed lines on a product’s label that tells a computer information about it, such as its price

the ~ reader/system/generator/ program/ verifier; read/type/identify/print/ encode/scale the ~;

barcode (v): ~ (a/n) product/item/goods

Braille (n)

a system of printing and writing for the blind, in which characters are formed by patterns of raised dots which are felt with the fingertips

(the) ~ equipment/display/embosser/

system/writer/label/font/alphabet/converter; use/read/touch/create/

learn ~; written/labeled in ~;

brailled (v)

BYOD (abbr)

Bring Your Own Device

the practice of allowing employees or students to bring their own computing devices to work, college, university etc. for work/study purposes

implement/introduce/follow ~;

the ~ policy/practice

Camera (n)

a device for recording visual images in the form of photographs, films, or video signals

~ compartment/user/lens/rig/film/ shot/track; a(n) optical/compact/ the CCTV ~;

(re)furbish/upgrade/recharge a ~; cameraman (n)

Charge (v)

store electrical energy (in a battery or battery-operated device); formally accuse sb of sth, especially of an offence under law; entrust sb with a duty or responsibility; demand (an amount) as a price for a service rendered or goods supplied

~ a battery/gadget/device; keep the battery ~d; ~ sb with sth; be in ~ of sth; impose/levy a ~ on sb; lay/bring a ~ against sb; pay/increase/reduce the ~s; free of ~; re/chargeable (adj): ~ battery; charger (n);

syn. control, accusation, fee

Connect (v)

join together so as to provide access and communication

~ to a device/wire/network/router/ printer/computer/gadget; connection (n): have/break/sever/establish/find/make/see a ~; (dis)connected, (adj); (dis)connectedly (adv); connective (adj); connectivity (n)

syn. link

ant. disconnect, disconnection

Device (n)

a mechanism or a piece of equipment designed to serve a purpose or perform a function

~ contention/driver/node; a(n) input/output/MIDI/warning/ reading/locking/surveillance/ household/recording ~;

purchase/(dis)connect/upgrade a ~;

syn. gizmo, gadget

Digital (adj)

stored as numbers or electronic signals (about information)

~ age/audio/camera/certificate/ computer/divide/film/signature/

detox; digit (n), digitize (v), digitalize (v), digitizer (n), digitally (adv);

syn. numeric

ant. analogue

Display (n)

putting sth in a prominent place for it to be readily seen; the visual representation of the output of an electronic device

plasma/panel/processor/case/screen/unit/terminal ~;

a(n) eye-catching/clear/wide ~; put on/go on ~;

displayer (n), display (v);

syn. show

ant. conceal, hide

E- (prf)

electronic, indicating the involvement of the Internet

~ book/zine/pub/commerce/library;

purchase/subscribe to a(n) ~ book/zine/publication

Fax (facsimile machine) (n)

an output device capable of fast and convenient transmission of photocopied information through a telephone line

send/get/receive sth by ~ ;

modem/software/card/mode/call;

fax (v): ~ a(n) document/file/agreement /memo

Flash memory (n)

a type of non-volatile memory which does not need a constant source of electricity for it to retain the stored data

a ~ card;

compact ~;

read/(re)format the ~

Gadget (n)

a specialized mechanical or electronic device, usually small in size

use/invent/create/buy a ~; a ~ freak

a(n) musical/electrical/modern ~; suffer from a ~ fatigue;

syn. gizmo, device

Gamepad (n)

a handheld device used to control a computer game or a video game

a ~ button/cord; a USB ~;

(dis)connect/play/operate/keep a ~

Google Glass (n)

a computer that is worn like eyeglasses, which has a tiny display within the field of vision, responds to voice commands and eye movements, and has a touchpad at the side

a ~ application/frame/pad/rim/ earpiece/lens/nose pad/end piece;

protect/upgrade/polish/wear a ~

Input (n)

information that is put into a computer

~ devices/data; have/need/get/receive/provide/ process an ~; input (v);

ant. output

Headset (n)

a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in place on a person's head

a high performance/cordless/ wireless/radio/Bluetooth ~;

wear/upgrade/replace/take off/put on the ~

Lens (n)

a clear curved piece of glass or plastic that is used in eyeglasses, cameras, telescopes, etc., to make things look clearer, smaller, or bigger

magnetic/telescopic/cap/

colored/tinted/contact/optical/spectacle/ camera ~;

reduce/change/wear/replace/take off the ~;lensed (adj);

Cf. glass

Monitor (n)

a person who observes a process or activity to check that it is carried out fairly or correctly, especially in an official capacity; an output device that displays text and graphics

color/CCTV/video/computer/screen/high resolution ~; on a/the ~;

protect/replace the ~;

monitor (v): ~ the performance/progress//procedure/ quality/situation;

monitored (adj); monitoring (n), monitorial (adj);

syn. screen, control

MP3 (n)

a means of compressing a sound sequence to enable its digital storage and transmission

file/player/format/ringtone/music; convert/download/transfer an ~ file

Netbook (n)

a small, very light and inexpensive laptop computer with limited memory used primarily for accessing the Internet

~ computer; high/low-end ~;

upgrade/replace/repair a ~

Output (n)

the amount of sth produced by a person, machine, or industry; produced, delivered, or supplied data

an ~ data/file/form/screen/device; increase/decrease/provide some ~; drop/fall/growth/rise in ~; steady/low/aggregate/gross/ overall/total ~; output (v);

ant. input

Optical (adj)

relating to sight, especially in relation to the action of light

media/disk/zoom/scanner/storage/fiber/memory/cable/

drive/array/ lens; optics (n), optically (adv), optician (n)

Pixel (n)

one of the individual dots that make up a graphical image

a ~ bit/graphic/count/information/ data/resolution/value; binary ~;

pack/modify ~s; pixilation (n), pixilate (v), pixelated (adj): a ~ image

Plotter (n)

an automated drawing tool that produces finely scaled drawings by moving a pen and/or paper in response to computer commands

a ~ font/display; a drum/flatbed/ pen/chart/laser/electrostatic/

flat bed/color ~;

upgrade/use/configure a ~

Projector (n)

a device used for displaying an image on a screen, as from a transparent slide or film

overhead/film/slide/video ~;

switch off (on)/operate a ~

PTOYED (abbr)

Please Turn Off Your Electronic Devices

(slang) an airline, cinema or theater announcement to make the passengers or viewers turn off their electronic devices and gadgets

implement/break/follow the ~ rule

Resolution (n)

a firm decision to do or not to do sth; a formal decision; the action of solving a problem; density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch

pass/vote on/adopt a ~; high/screen/spatial/color ~;

modify/adjust/configure ~; a successful/peaceful ~ of a problem; resolve (v): ~ a problem; (un)resolved) (adj); (ir)resolute (adj): be ~ in one’s determination to do sth; (ir)resolutely (adv)

Retina display (n)

a device that works without a screen by drawing pixels directly on the user’s retina with a focused beam of light

a ~ screen;

provide/include/adjust the ~

Sensor (n)

a device that enables digital machines to monitor the physical quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data used in robotics, environmental climate control, and other applications

~ data fusion/unit/device; infrared/analog/image/ electromagnetic ~; sense (v);

sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);

syn. detector

Second-hand (adj)

having had a previous owner; not new

a ~ device/gadget/accessory/book/clothing/goods/car/

computer/ knowledge;

syn. pre-owned

Smart (adj)

having or showing quick wit and intelligence; (of a device) programmed so as to be capable of some independent action

~ watch/phone/board/house/

TV/ application/interface;

smartness (n), smartly (adv);

syn. clever, intelligent

ant. dumb, stupid, imbecile

Speakers (n)

the part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of

high-quality/durable ~;

upgrade/(dis)connect/configure the ~

Swap (v)

(coll.) give sth to sb in exchange for sth else

~ gadgets/accessories/ identity/deal/ideas;

syn. trade, exchange

Tablet (n)

a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen

case/accessories/computer/PC/ pen/phone; digitizer/graphic ~;

upgrade/configure/furbish a ~;

Cf: I-pod, I-pad

Touch (v)

come into or be in physical contact with; manipulate sth by pressure and movement of fingers on a screen

~ pad/screen; multi ~; touch (n): a ~ on/of sb’s hand/shoulder; manipulate sth at the ~of the key;

(un)touchable (adj), touchy (adj);

syn. stroke

Upgrade (v)

improve a computer or another machine by using the most recent developments so as to make it more powerful or effective

~ (a) computer/gadget/skills/policy/ system/package/standard/security/ phone; upgrade (n): software/

price/network ~;

syn. improve

ant. downgrade

Cf. update, refurbish

Wearable (adj)

a computer or other electronic device that is small or light enough to be worn or carried on one’s body

(a) ~ computer/device/clothes/ shades/gadget; wear (v), (un)wearability (n);

ant. unwearable

Cf. portable

Webcam (n)

a device used for video input

a ~ leans/image/software; a wireless ~;

install/upgrade/replace a ~;

webcamming (n)

1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available: http://www.techopedia.com/definition [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]

2. Computer glossary, Techtarget dictionary and encyclopedia. [Online]. Available: http://bnc.bl.uk/saraWeb.php?qy=best+practices&mysubmit=Go [Accessed: 24 Oct. 2015]

3. Online tech dictionary for IT professionals, IT Business Edge. [Online]. Available: http://www.webopedia.com/ [Accessed: 22 Oct. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. upgrade

2. sensor

3. display

3. monitor

4. connect

5. swap

6. gadget

7. smart

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. conceal

2. wearable

3. input

4. clever

5. downgrade

6. assist

7. upgrade

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

optician, optics

digitized

wear

(dis)connectedly

monitor

assistance/ant

(un)resolved

(ir)resolute

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

digital

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

second-hand

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

tablet

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

speakers

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. upgrade

A. a device that holds an earphone and a microphone in place on a person's head

2. headset

B. one of the individual dots that make up a graphical image

3. tablet

C. improve computer or other machine by using the most recent developments to make it more powerful or effective

4. resolution

D. stored as numbers or electronic signals

5. digital

E. a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen

6. pixel

F. owned or used by someone else before you

7. second-hand

G. density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. Today, our lives are filled ___ all manner of gadgets, gizmos and convenience goods.

2. The company has no plans to move ___ the growing market of digital applications.

3. A new service enables you to purchase/reserve your tickets ___ Facsimile.

4. In the United States, there is a discernable preference ___ products with the technological appeal of a ‘gadget’.

5. He was charged ___ murder.

6. Who is __ charge ___ the department?

7. I have not subscribed ___ this magazine.

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. input – output

A. general and specific

2. MP3 – compression

B. cause and effect

3. label - barcode

C. contrast

4. gadget overuse – gadget fatigue

D. equivalence

5. smart - intelligent

E. part and whole

6. computer – netbook

F. method and purpose

7. alphabet – the Braille system

Activity 8. Decode Steve Jobs’ saying about computer device and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. compact disk– blue ray

2. device – gadget

3. library – archive

4. restore – recover

5. overwrite – format

6. netbook – laptop

7. resolution – pixel

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:

1. barcode

2. Braille

3. facsimile machine

4. flash memory

5. headset

6. MP3

7. Webcam

Activity 11. Say when and why the following is done:

1. digitization

2. faxing

3. flash memory

4. charging

5. swapping

6. optimization

7. upgrading

Activity 12. Say what can be… and how:

1. archived

2. backed up

3. compressed

4. formatted

5. recovered

6. retrieved

7. upgraded

Activity 13. Write a short report about the latest gadget, device or appliance.

Activity 14. Create a survey of students’ favorite devices/gadgets. Make a graph illustrating the results.

Activity 15. Discuss: Today young people are very eager to get the latest models of different gadgets. What do you think their reasons are? What are the dis/advantages of getting ahead with the most up-to-date technology?

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “gadget – smartphone”: a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

One of the individual dots that make up a graphical image is known as (a) ___. a) resolution b) retina display c) brightness d) pixel

3

A device used for displaying an image on a screen, as from a transparent slide or film is known as a ___. a) hologram b) projector c) webcam d) monitor

4

All of these mean “a mechanism or a piece of equipment designed to perform a number of functions” EXCEPT FOR: a) charger b) gizmo c) device d) gadget

5

All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:

a) speaker b) headset c) microphone d) Braille embosser

6

All of these gadgets have rear cameras EXCEPT FOR:

a) MP3, b) smartphone c) I-pad d) tablet

7

All of these collocate with the adjective “digital” EXCEPT FOR:

a) divide b) time c) age d) certificate

8

All of these collocate with the adjective “optical” EXCEPT FOR:

a) cable b) media c) disk d) pixel

9

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “show – conceal”:

a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and purpose

10

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “webcam – input”:

a) cause and effect b) general and specific c) contrast d) method and purpose

11

Cartographic data consist of ___ maps, that is, maps converted to numerical form.

a) digital b) digit c) digitized d) digitally

12

Once again, many thanks for your ____ in this matter.

a) assistant b) assistance c) assistive d) assist

13

All of these are wearable devices EXCEPT FOR: a) camera b) Google glasses c) digital helmet d) Braille embosser

14

A person who is obsessed with his electronic gadgets is called a gadget ____.

a) freak b) monitor c) gizmo d) fatigue

15

The part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of is known as a ___. a) speaker b) headset c) lens d) video card

16

Hackers can manipulate bank accounts ___ a keystroke.

a) with b) at c) in d) by

17

The bank imposed a penalty ___ the manager for data diddling.

a) on b) for c) to d) with

18

Mark the odd word: a) upgrade b) improve c) optimize d) promote

19

To get regular updates one has to subscribe ___ this publication.

a) to b) for c) – d) in

20

My visually impaired junior assistant helped the group get started on the ____ alphabet. a) Braille b) Brailled c) Brailling d) Brailles


Module 4. HARDWARE

Term

Definition

Usage

Battery (n)

a hardware component that supplies power to a device, enabling it to work without a power cord

~ case/life/level/capacity/pack; portable/external ~ pack; be powered by/run on/use/put/work on ~;

syn. power unit, power supply

Board (n)

a piece of fiberglass or other material upon which an array of computer chips is mounted

memory/mother/system/circuit ~;

replace/dust/upgrade the ~;

boardable (adj), board-like (adj),

board (v)

Break (v)

disconnect or interrupt; stop working, through wear or damage, make or become inoperative:

~ the circuit/silence/a habit/a record; break (n): ~ time/point; make/have/give/take a ~;

breakage (n), (un/non)breakable (adj), breakably (adv);

Cf. downtime, uptime

Card (n)

a piece of thick, stiff paper or thin pasteboard, used for writing or printing on; a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to add extra facilities or memory

~ cage/reader; binary/SD/ punched/graphic/sound/video ~; install/upgrade/pay by/put sth on/use a ~; carder (n)

Chip (n)

a small piece of silicon or other semi-conductive material on which circuits can be placed

~ set/density/card/socket; memory ~;

install/upgrade/replace a ~; chipper (n), chipping (n), chipped (adj), (un)chippable (adj)

Bluetooth (n)

a standard for a short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices

connection/speaker/

headphones/ headsets/adapter;

transfer/connect/send via ~

Convert (v)

change into sth of a different form or property

~(a/n) number/audio/format/graphics/video/data/document/input;

converter (n) ~ cable/box/software, AD ~; convertible (adj): ~ data/file/image/audio/video;

syn. transform, change

Computer (n)

an electronic device designed for performing operations on data at a high speed

~ animation/architecture/fraud/

graphics/games; run/use/switch on/off/log onto/off/boot up/start up/shut down/reboot/restart a ~; super/mini/mainframe/micro-~computerized (adj):

system/information/facility/

tool/ database/journal/record

CPU (abbr)

Central processing unit

the part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed

the ~ cooler/fan/slot/technology/ system; upgrade/(un)install the ~

Configuration (n)

an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form, figure, or combination; the particular choice and interconnection of hardware items that make up a particular computer system

~ standard/panel/processor/chip;

(re/mis)configure (v): ~ a system/hardware/software;

configurational (adj), configurative (adj), configurationally (adv)

Component (n)

a part or element of a larger whole, especially a part of a machine or vehicle, software or hardware

architecture/basic/important/major/essential/principal/engine/

electronic/ key/software/system ~; subcomponent (n), componential (adj);

syn. element, part, piece, bit, constituent, ingredient

Crash (n)

(of a machine, a business, etc.) a sudden drop in value or failure; the sudden and complete failure of a disk drive

market/public/financial ~;

major/serious/system ~; cause a ~;

crasher (n);

syn. break down

Cycle (n)

a single set of hardware operations, especially that by which memory is accessed and an item is transferred to or from it, to the point at which the memory may be accessed again

~ stealing/time/path; machine ~;

go through/complete/repeat a ~;

(re)cycle (v), cyclic (adj),

recycling (n)

Decoder (n)

a device capable of converting audio or video signals into a different form, for example from digital to analogue

~ chip/circuit/box/apparatus/board;

audio/video/satellite/binary ~;

decode (v): ~ a message/signal/ command/ language/symbol/text

ant. encode(r)

Downtime (n)

the period of time when sth is not in operation, especially as a result of a malfunction

minimize/schedule/eliminate/reduce ~;

syn. dead time

ant. uptime

Drive (n)

an electromechanical device that reads from and writes to disks

CD-ROM/disk/DVD/SSD/HDD/ floppy/hard/zip/optical/magnetic/ hybrid ~; driver (n): CD-ROM/software/printer ~; (non)drivable (adj), drive (v); driving (adj): a ~ force

Expand (v)

become or make larger or more extensive

~ from/to; expandability (n),expandable (adj), expansion (n): ~ slot;

syn. extend, enlarge

ant. shrink

Fault (n)

a defect in a hardware device or component

detection/diagnosis/tree analysis ~; have/diagnose/overlook/discover/find/identify/locate a ~; faulty (adj): ~ wire/picture/perception/content/brake/ program/device

syn. defect, flaw, imperfection

Joystick (n)

a manual control or cursor device, as one attached to a computer or a video game

~ port/button; analog ~;

(dis)connect/upgrade/replace a ~

Key (n)

a manually activated mechanism on a keyboard used for entering a character or command into a computer system; a field in a record which is used to identify that record uniquely

~board/pad/stroke; alt/arrow/backspace/control/ delete/escape/function/return/

shift ~; hit/hold down/press/touch a(the) ~; keyed (v), keying (v)

Laser (n)

a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation

~ head/pen/surgery/storage devices/technology/lens/disk/printer/beam/ treatment/gun/light;

a powerful ~; use a ~; burn a disc with a ~

Maintain (v)

cause or enable (a condition or situation) to continue; correct or prevent faults in hardware

~ (a) process/stability/balance/ standard; be difficult/easy to ~;

maintenance (n): preventative/ regular/need/proper ~;~ costs/services; maintainable (adj)

syn. keep (in a working order)

Memory (n)

the faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information; the part of a computer in which data or program instructions can be stored for retrieval

have ~ for sth; (non)volatile/poor/bad/ excellent/visual/dynamic/static/ cache/computer/short-term/long-term/random-access ~; be stored in ~; evoke/revive/bring back/impair/ enhance the ~ of sth; commit to/recite from ~; come with 512Mb ~; if my ~ serves me right; memorable (adj), memorial (n); immemorial (adj): from time ~; memorize (v);

syn. recall, retention

Cf. RAM, ROM

Modem (n)

modulator and demodulator

a piece of equipment that is used to send information from a computer through a telephone line, cable or other link

connect via (a/the) ~; an external/internal/dial-up ~;

use/provide a ~

Monitor (n)

a device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous record of sth; a screen which displays an image generated by a computer

color/CCTV/computer ~; display sth on a/the ~;

monitor (v): ~ a process/compliance with sth; monitoring (n)

Mouse (n)

a cursor control device consisting of a hand-held control box used as a locator

click/double click/move/use a(the) ~; ~ button/click/cursor/pointer/pad

Operate (v)

function in a proper or a particular way

~ a computer/procedure/system/ device; be able to ~; operation (n): computer/logic/machine ~ ; ~ table/ register/code; operational (adj), operationally (adv), operator (n);

syn. run

Periphery (n)

the outer limits or edge of an area or object

peripheral (adj): ~ device/processor/ vision/system/feature/card/detail/ expansion; peripherality (n); peripheralize (v); peripherally (adv);

syn. outer edge, margin

ant. center

Platform (n)

a raised level surface on which people or things can stand; a group of computers that are compatible with each other and can run the same software

microcomputer/mobile computing ~;

mount sth/appear/stand on a ~;

platformer (n);

syn. stage

Port (n)

a connection in a computer to which an outside (peripheral) device can be attached

serial/parallel/USB/FireWire/ thunderbolt/Ethernet power ~; portable (adj): a ~ television/device/computer/ cassette/player

Printer (n)

an output device for printing text or images, especially the one linked to a computer

a(the) ~ cable/port/ribbon/driver/icon;

photo/laser/inkjet/impact/multifunction ~; control/drive/connect a(the) ~;

(re)print (v): ~ a document/photo /certificate/publication; printout (n)

Process (n)

an instance of a program being executed in a multitasking operating system, typically running in an environment that protects it from other processes

the update/boot/accelerate/launch a ~; process (v): ~ information/code/

data/oil; processor (n): data/audio/

graphics/word/multicore ~; processable (adj);

syn. procedure

Remove (v)

move sth from where it is; lift, push, transfer, or carry away, or from one place to another

~ a(n) scratch/virus/program/ application/disc;

removable (adj): a ~ disk;

removability (n);

syn. displace

Repair (v)

restore sth to a good condition after damage

~ (a) hardware/damage/gadget/device;

be in need of/need/require/undergo ~; repairer (n); non/repairable (adj); irreparable (adj): ~ damage/loss;

syn. fix;

ant. damage

Repeat (v)

do sth again or more than once

~ a(n) command/syntax/entry;

repetition (n), repetitive (adj), repeater (n), repeatable (adj), repeatability (n);

Cf. redo

Rotate (v)

move or cause to move in a circle round an axis or a center

allow sth to ~; ~ in a(n) anti-/clockwise direction; rotation (n), rotative (adj): ~ engine/motion; rotating (adj), rotary (adj),

rotatory (adj)

Scan (v)

look quickly but not very thoroughly through (a document or other text) in order to identify relevant information; convert into digital form for storage or processing on a computer

~ a(n) picture/document/pattern/page/ error; ~ sth into a computer; have/give sb/take a ~;

scannable (adj), scanner (n): film/fingerprint ~

Sector (n)

an area or portion that is distinct from others; a subdivision of a track on a magnetic disk

~ configuration; divide sth into ~s; major/public/private/informal/ formal/administration/rural/

urban ~; sectoral (adj)

syn. area, locality

Server (n)

a computer that provides services to another computer

~ program/software/page;

computer/file/web/client/disk ~;

manage/control/protect/maintain/keep (on)/provide a ~

Unit (n)

a device that has a specified function, especially one forming part of a complex mechanism; a single manufactured item

a control/execution/functional/

logic/ processing ~;

break sth down into/divide sth into ~s; (un)install/(dis)assemble a ~

1. Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com. [Accessed: 16 Sept. 2015]

2. Oxford Dictionaries. Language matters. Oxford Unversity Press. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com. [Accessed: 20 Sept. 2015.

3. Computer dictionary. Computer Hope. [Online]. Available: http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/jd.htm [Accessed: 20 Sept. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. break down

2. remove

3. decoder

4. repair

5. convert

6. defect

7. battery

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. configure

2. damage

3. periphery

4. master

5. encode

6. uptime

7. shrink

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

irreparably

operate

repetition

breakably

processable

configure

expandable

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a joystick

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a laser

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

operate a

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

Process

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. expand

A. a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra facilities or memory

2. repair

B. become or make larger or more extensive

3. card

C. a computer that provides services to another computer

4. server

D. restore sth to a good condition after damage

5. fault

E. a defect in a hardware device or component

6. sector

F. the controlling unit in a pair of linked machines

7. master

G. an area or portion that is distinct from others

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. Insert the disk ___ drive A.

2. The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.

3. You can send it to me ___ Bluetooth.

4. This computer may run __ battery for 12 hours

5. The printers are compatible ___ HP LaserJet printers, using the same HP Printer Command Language.

6. The decoder converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a code that identifies the caller.

7. A scanner or digitizer can be imported ___ DesignaKnit and converted into stitch patterns.

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. maintain – destroy

A. general and specific

2. printer – output

B. cause and effect

3. CPU – motherboard

C. contrast

4. computer - minicomputer

D. method and purpose

5. gadget - joystick

E. part and whole

6. operate – run

F. equivalence

7. overuse – crash

Activity 8. Decode Ken Olsen’s saying about the hardware system and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. CPU – motherboard

2. card – flash drive

3. Bluetooth – WiFi

4. convert – configure

5. fault – crash

6. gamepad – joystick

7. modem – router

Activity 10. Say what can be… and how:

1. converted

2. expanded

3. processed

4. repaired

5. scanned

6. repeated

7. maintained

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1. card

2. chip

3. Bluetooth

4. CPU

5. joystick

6. modem

7. port

Activity 12. Say when and why the following is done:

1. breakdown

2. conversion

3. downtime

4. cycle

5. maintenance

6. operation

7. configuration

Activity 13. Speak on the latest trends in the hardware system development.

Activity 14. Brainstorm the current issues of e-waste nowadays. What makes it hazardous? What are the possible solutions?

Activity 15. Write a paragraph commenting on the statement in Activity 8 above.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “fix - damage”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) contrast

2

What is the logical relationship between “output device” and “printer”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole

d) equivalence

3

What is the logical relationship between “CPU” and “mother board”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole

d) equivalence

4

The information was held ___ computer for regular operations.

a) into b) in c) on d) to

5

A piece of fiberglass or other material upon which an array of computer chips is mounted is known as a ___. a) mother card b) transistor c) card d) board

6

All of these are input devices EXCEPT FOR:

a) webcam b) keyboard c) printer d) mouse

7

All of these are output devices EXCEPT FOR:

a) monitor b) projector c) speaker d) webcam

8

Mark the odd word: a) break-up b) break off c) breakdown d) break in

9

All of these collocate with the word “process” EXCEPT FOR:

a) information b) password c) data d) output

10

The period of time when sth is not in operation, especially as a result of a malfunction is called ___time. a) up b) on c) down d) over

11

Volatile memory, contrary to ____-volatile memory requires power to maintain the stored information. a) non-b) un c) im d) in

12

All of these are synonymous to the word “maintain” EXCEPT FOR:

a) keep b) regain c) sustain d) preserve

13

All of these can follow the noun “printer” EXCEPT FOR:

a) cable b) port c) ribbon d) board

14

The decoder at the other end converts the sequence of beeps back ___ a code which identifies the caller. a) to b) in c) on d) into

15

The manufacturing ___ is relatively simple.

a) procedures b) proceeding c) process d) proceedings

16

Mark the odd word:

a) rotary b) rotative c) rotatory d) rotation

17

The broken machine needs ____.

a) despair b) compare c) repair d) impair

18

That accident involved a truck with ____ brakes.

a) fault b) faultless c) faulty d) faultness

19

The company claims to have reduced machine ___.

a) downtime b) time c) uptime d) time out

20

The part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed is known as (a) ___. a) Bluetooth b) Wi-Fi c) CPU d) server


Module 5. SOFTWARE

Term

Definition

Usage

Add (v)

join or put sth in(to) sth else so as to increase the size, number, or amount

~ a(n) function/program/text/image;

~ on program/weight;

addition (n): in ~ to; additive (n);

added (adj); additional (adj);

syn. augment

ant. subtract, deduct

Application (n)

a formal request to an authority; a set of one or more programs designed to carry out operations for a specific purpose which are unable to run on their own and depend on the system software to execute

documentation/graphics/presentation /spreadsheet and statistical/data management/file management/ information and reference software/education and training/entertainment /accounting and finance/business ̴ ;

~ of force; develop/set up/uninstall /update an ~; apply (v): ~ for a job/post/position; applied (adj): ~ science/mathematics; (non)applicable (adj); applicational (adj)

BIOS (abbr)

Basic Input/Output System

the program code and data stored in the permanent memory and used for booting process

~ setup;

embedded/flash ~;

display the ~ information

Boot (v)

kick sth hard in a specified direction; turn on a computer and get into the operating system

~ a(n) accelerator/application/band/computer/code/disc/drive/menu/sector/virus; booting (n): the ~ drive/environment /procedure/ process/sequence/stage;

bootable (adj): a ~ CD/drive/diskette; reboot (v);

syn. reset, (re)start

Catalogue (n)

an itemized list of titles, course offerings, or articles for exhibition or sale, including descriptive information or illustrations; a publication containing such a list

a ~ code/of samples/name; enter in/make a ~ of; catalogue (v): ~ business/buyers/by authors;

cataloguing (n): ~ problem; catalogued (adj), cataloguer (n);

syn. archive, directory

Cluster (n)

a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; a group of connected computers; the smallest managed section of a hard drive that holds a file

cluster (adj): ~ address/administrator/ administration/allocation/acceleration/bomb; form/organize ~(s);

clustered (adj): ~ access/database/index;

syn. array, bunch

Compatible (adj)

able to exist or occur together without problems or conflict; matching the previous versions of software, operating systems or hardware devices

backward/downward~;application/browser/circuit/

blood;

syn. adaptable, appropriate, consistent; (in)compatibility (n);

ant. incompatible

Context (n)

the circumstances that form a setting for an event, statement, or idea, in terms of which it can be fully understood

consider/examine/look at/see/ understand/view sth in the ~ of; general/larger/overall/wider/ educational/regional/historical/cultural ~; define/describe the ~;

contextual (adj): ~ analysis/approach;

context (adj): ~ switch/menu/area/ analysis/activation;

syn. background, setting

ant. foreground

Desktop (adj)

(of office appliances, such as photocopiers and printers) which can be fitted on top of a desk

~ publishing/computer/apparatus/computer/access/application/

analysis/environment/accessories/configuration;

ant. portable/wearable (computer)

Design (v)

decide upon the look and functioning of (a building, garment, or other object), by making its detailed drawing

~ a book/building/curriculum;

redesign (v); design (n): ~ approval/arrangement/automation; designer (n): ~ fashion/clothes /label/aids;

syn. architecture, layout

Driver (n)

a person who drives a vehicle; a program that controls the operation of a device such as a printer or a scanner

a(n) device/hardware/software/ upgrade /test ~; (un)install/update a ~;

drive (v): ~ a car/vehicle/at sth; ~ innovation; driverless (adj); driving (adj, n): the main/principal ~ force of/behind sth; ~ license, reckless ~

Embed (v)

fix (an object) firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; incorporate sth (a text, a code, a picture) within the body of a file or document

~ a(n) channel/file/chip/structure/ function/system/operation/ technology/software in(to) sth; embedding (n), embeddable (adj), embedded (adj): ~ OS;

syn. enclose, insert, incorporate

Emulate (v)

match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation; reproduce the function or action of a different computer, software system, etc.

~ a sound/action/design/environment/ one’s father/sb’s hairstyle/sb’s success;

emulation (n), emulator (n),

emulative (adj);

syn. imitate, copy, follow sb’s suit

Encapsulate (v)

enclose sth in or as if in a capsule; provide an interface for a piece of software or hardware to allow or simplify access for the user

~ a layer/information/program/

code; encapsulation (n),

encapsulated (adj)

Function (n)

an activity that is natural to or the purpose of sb/sth; a basic task of a computer, especially one that corresponds to a single instruction from the user

built-in/system/value/virtual/ annual/social ~; fulfill/perform/attend a ~; ~ procedure/editor/reference/ template; function (v): ~ as a robot/ normally; (non/dis)functional (adj), functionally (adv), functionality (n);

syn. feature, activity, operation

Icon (n)

sb or sth regarded as a representative symbol or as worthy of veneration; a symbol or graphic representation on a screen of a program, option, or window

pop/rock/fashion ~; ~ bar/control/ editor/-based/-driven;

program/document ~; create/change an ~; iconic (adj): ~ structure/path/interface /model;

syn. picture, symbol

Implement (v)

put a decision, plan, agreement, etc. into effect

~  a(n) scenario/action/plan/ agreement; implementation (n): program ~; ~ chart/file/defect/error/ pattern; implement (n): garden ~ (s); implementer(or) (n); implementable (adj); implementability (n);

syn. achieve, carry out

Install (v)

place or fix equipment or machinery in position ready for use; copy all of the necessary files to run a software program on a computer

~ (a) software/driver/process; installer (n); installing (n); installed (adj): ~ equipment/capacity/base;

installation (n): ~ aids/company/costs/ directions/instruction/manual/process/program/tool/wizard; installability (n); installable (adj): ~ device/driver/ RAM;

syn. put in place, set

ant. uninstall

Interface (n)

a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc. meet and interact; a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer

system/program/graphical/object/user/functional ~; ~ adapter/agent/area/ card/channel/connection/ element/design/functionality/kit/

protocol; interface (v): ~ with another system or person, interfaced (adj); interfacial (adj): ~ connection/failure/ joint/resistance/tension; interfacing (n): ~ capability/circuit/protocol/ software;

syn. interact with, connect with;

Cf. GUI (Graphical User Interface)

WIMP (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer)

Iteration (n)

repetition of a process or utterance; repetition of a function or process in a computer program; a new version of a piece of computer hardware or software

~ cycle/algorithm/function/factor/ index/loop/mode; iterate (v): ~ a(n) operation/function/ process; iterative (adj): ~ algorithm/analysis/approach/ code/ calculation/circuit/formula/ function/ filter/method/network/ procedure/ technique; reiterate (v);

iterating (adj); iterated (adj): ~ code/form/graph/operator;

syn. repetition

Kernel (n)

the central or most important part of sth; the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security

~ debugger/call/function/mode/driver; ~ of security/action/integral;

program/real-time/separable/expanded /security ~; address/define a ~;

syn. center, core

ant. periphery

Launch (v)

set (a newly built ship or boat) afloat for the first time with an official ceremony; send (a missile, satellite, or spacecraft) on its course; start or set in motion (an activity or program)

~ a campaign/program/vessel/ warship/rocket/spaceship;

launch (n): a ~ angle/power/team/ window; launcher (n): a waveguide ~; launching (n): a ~ pad/basin/fiber/rail/ site/tower; launchpad (n); launchway (n): ~ operation;

syn. start, commence

ant. end, finish

License (n)

 an agreement that allows sb or sth to use a service or perform an action as long as they agree to the terms provided therein

obtain/revoke a ~;

grant a ~ to sb;

~ agreement/fee/key/contract/holder; ~ -free; shrink-wrap/group/ corporate ~; licensed (adj): ~ software/product/ dealer/party; licensee (n); licenser (or) (n); licensing (adj): ~ procedure/scheme, service;

syn. certificate, warrant, permit

Menu (n)

the food available or to be served in a restaurant or at a meal; a list from which to choose; a list of commands or facilities displayed on screen

icon-driven/quick access/drop-down/context/pull-down/pop-up/application/feature/cascading ~; ~ box/button/access/choice/ entry/key/-driven/-guided/type/bar;

click on/choose from/change the ~

OS (abbr)

Operating System

the software that supports a computer's basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals

failure/design/kernel/management; server/user/home edition/virtual/ multiuser/multitasking/ multiprocessing/mobile ~; (un)install/update/change/reconfigure/be compatible with an ~

Package (n)

an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box; software that is bunched together to make a complete set

~ advertising/contract/deal/file/ holiday/module/offer/paper/tour; ~ of subcontract works; build/create a ~; packaged (adj): ~ software/system/ unit; packager (n); packaging (n): ~ density/film/machine/process/

robot;

syn. kit, parcel, container

Pointer (n)

a long, thin piece of metal on a scale or dial which moves to indicate a figure or position; a movable indicator on a computer screen identifying the point that will be affected by input from the user

~ device/instrument/operation/ token/tool/-driven/-linked;

screen/control/base/vertical/ address ~; point (n): boiling/freezing/hot ~; bring up/raise/concede/yield/cover/discuss/ emphasize/stress/underscore a ~; speak to the ~; at a ~; on this ~; point (v): ~ out problems/errors;

pointless (adj): ~ argument;

syn. cursor, arrow, issue

Recover (v)

return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength; stabilize or take a computer or electronic device back to a point when it was stable; restore a deleted file

~ command/function/from an error; recovery (n): system ~, ~ bug/control/ data/factor/node/period/process/rate/ work/time; recoverer (n): program ~;

recovered (adj): ~ file/heat/oil/signal;

recovering (n): ~ time/probability;

(ir)recoverable (adj): ~ error/failure/ reserves; (ir)recoverability (n);

syn. reclaim, regain, restore

Release (v)

allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free; make (a film, recording, or other product) available to the public

~ a film/disc/book/button/

prisoner;

release (n): ~ date/key/node, ~ of pressure/information/fluid;

released (adj): ~ capacity/state/version; releaser (n);

syn. (set) free, let go, issue

Script (n)

handwriting as distinct from print; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order; a small non-compiled program written for a scripting language or the command interpreter

~ file/language/font; command/machine/writer ~;

(re)write/create/compose/delete/edit a ~; scripting (n): ~ engine/ programming language; inscription (n), inscribe (v)

Software (n)

the programs and other operating information used by a computer

trial/open source/bundled/commercial/ edutainment/public domain/ encryption/licensed ~;

(un)install/configure/release/maintain/design/debug/distribute/implement/ manage/control/test ~; ~ bug/cache/ command/component/configuration /debugging/design/distribution/ engineering/failure/implementation/ life-cycle/management/ piracy/publisher/ utility; ~-based controller/design;

syn. program

ant. hardware

Specification (n)

an act of identifying sth precisely or of stating a precise requirement; description of an invention accompanying an application for a patent

~ change/deficiency/error/limit/ requirements/review/statement/writer; ~ of contract/cargo/tolerances;

specify (v): ~ the(a) needs/conditions/ offer/diagnosis/extension; specificity (n): ~ of test/construction; specified (adj): ~ behavior/criteria/constraints/ conditions/load/number/quality/ temperature/time;

syn. stipulation, parameter, condition

System (n)

a complex whole; a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnecting network; a group of related programs or hardware units or both, especially when dedicated to a single application

requirements/engineer/

interface/analyst/area/approach/architecture/board/bus/code/console/control/crash/debugging/design/disc/element/failure/library/memory/menu/registry;

(re)set/start/boot/(un)install/update/ change/(re)configure/access a ~; application/ computer/back-up/binary/ control/ error-correcting/detecting/ information ~;

syn. scheme, structure

ant. chaos, disorder

Task (n)

a piece of work to be done or undertaken; an activity or a piece of work which CPU has to perform, usually as part of a larger project

active/current ~; perform/set/ fulfill/complete/carry out/ cancel/abandon/undertake/ assign/entrust sb with a ~;

~-based approach/allocation/ activation/assignment/group/list/ plan/queue; ~ scheduler/priority/ queue/register/table/bar;

syn. assignment, undertaking

Cf. multitasking

Update (v)

make sth more modern or up-to-date; download a software file that contains refreshed information and various fixes

~ a status/software/file;

update (n): news/automatic/ manual/timely ~, ~ rate/time;

updated (adj): ~ program/antivirus/file /database/information/version/sample; updater (n): table ~; updating (n): batch/file/memo/screen ~;

syn. modernize, renovate

ant. outdated, out-of-date

Utility (n)

the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial; system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer

public/debugging/disk compression/ maintenance/setup ~; ~ allocation/ area/core/computing/device/ equipment/function/kernel;

(un)install/update/change a ~;

public ~ies; utilize (v): ~ fully/partially; utilizable (adj): ~ waste; utilization (n): ~ coefficient/ factor/level/parameter/property/rate; utilized (adj); utilizer (n);

syn. service

Cf. recycle

Version (n)

a particular form of sth differing in certain respects from an earlier form or other forms of the same type of thing; a particular release of a piece of computer software

demo/beta/active/trial/professional/ crippled/licensed ~; ~ control/ management/tracking;

release/copy a ~; versioning (n);

syn. form, variant

Widget (n)

 an application, or a component of an interface that enables a user to perform a function or access a service; an additional feature or 

extension to a software  program, OS GUI, or a web page, which enables additional features

~ library/set; un(install)/update/change /reconfigure a ~;

syn. gizmo, apparatus, appliance, device

-ware (n)

manufactured articles of a specified type; type of software

share/demo/ad/group/spy/cripple/crap/ mal/free/stone/table/kitchen/

metal ~;

syn. commodity

Window (n)

an opening in the wall or roof of a building or vehicle, to admit light or air; a framed area on a display screen for viewing information

~ control/frame/menu/space/width; ~-based OS; ~ of vulnerability; acceptance/contact/display/help/ hidden/graphics/pop-up/welcome/ active/alert/application ~; overlapping ~s; bring up a ~; extend beyond the edge of the ~; windowed (adj): ~ address/registers; windowing (n): ~ environment/software/system;

windowless (adj): ~ photo-multiplication

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. boot

2. catalogue

3. design

4. embed

5. emulate

6. function

7. icon

8. implement

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. add

2. context

3. install

4. kernel

5. launch

6. recover

7. release

8. system

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

application

installable

iteratively

pointer

update

implemented

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

cluster

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

desktop

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

interface

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

software

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

utility

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

specification

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

version

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. shareware

A. adjunct software that displays advertising while the program it is attached to is running

2. software

B. software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users

3. freeware

C. software that self-installs on computers and tracks the user's Internet use, mainly for marketing purposes

4. adware

D. software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use

5. groupware

E. software specifically designed to disrupt or damage a computer system

6. spyware

F. the programs and other operating information used by a computer

7. malware

G. software that is available without any payment

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. context – foreground

A. general and specific

2. icon - interface

B. contrast

3. application – graphics software

C. equivalence

4. core - periphery

D. part and whole

5. update – security

E. method and purpose

6. incompatibility - failure

F. cause and effect

7. Interface – GUI

Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about software and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

GNU - closed source software

application software - utility

BIOS – OS

shareware - freeware

input – output

emulate – imitate - simulate

boot – reboot

Activity 10. Give examples of the following software types. Add other types of -ware that you know:

1. shareware

2. software

3. freeware

4. adware

5. groupware

6. spyware

7. malware

Activity 11. Describe a typical program interface, its components and characteristics.

Activity 12. Name some reasons why software should be updated. Illustrate these reasons with examples from your own experience.

Activity 13. Arrange the software layers below in a descending order from top to bottom; comment on the functionality of each software layer:

Operating system

Application software

BIOS

Drivers

Kernel

Utility

Activity 14. Say what types of application software given below you have installed in your computer or smart phone:

1. documentation software

2. graphics software

3. presentation software

4. file management software

5. education and training software

6. entertainment software

7. accounting and finance software

Activity 15. Write a paragraph on software compatibility by covering such aspects as: definition, importance, types and examples.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “–core - periphery”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) contrast

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “application software – graphics software”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

3

Software that is bunched together to make a complete set is known as (a/n) ___. a) groupware b) package d) adware d) utility

4

Software designed to facilitate collective working by a number of different users is known as (a/n) ___. a) groupware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware

5

Software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use is known as___. a) malware b) spyware d) adware d) shareware

6

An activity or piece of work which CPU has to perform is known as ___.

a) thread b) task c) script d) function

7

___ is the most basic level or core of an operating system, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security.

a) kernel b) utility c) periphery d) accessory

8

All of these are types of utilities EXCEPT FOR:

a) presentation b) maintenance c) disc compression d) setup

9

MS Word, Excel, Power Point are examples of ___.

a) applications software b) widgets c) utilities d) OS

10

All of these are interface components EXCEPT FOR:

a) window b) menu c) driver d) icon

11

Mark the odd word: a) design b) architect c) format d) layout

12

Mark the odd word: a) design b) construct c) layout d) architect

13

The queries can be framed using an ______ version of the existing Database Assistance tool. a) updated b) update c) updater d) updating

14

All of these collocate with the adjective “desktop” EXCEPT FOR:

a) publishing b) computer c) application d) cluster

15

The text extended ____ the edge of the window.

a) from b) beyond c) behind d) after

16

All of these are types of application software EXCEPT FOR:

a) graphics software b) presentation software c) spreadsheet software

d) desktop software

17

Spyware and adware differ mostly by their ___.

a) size b) programming language c) purpose d) price

18

For further details please contact the Institute for ___Language Studies.

a) Applicable b) Applicative c) Applied d) Applicational

19

This is the standard way of ___ data in your program.

a) installing b) embedding c) introducing d) inserting

20

Everyone should be able to design a standard Web page in minutes using the point and click type tools for___ text, graphics and sound.

a) installing b) introducing c) encapsulating d) inserting


Module 6. CYBERSPACE

Term

Definition

Usage

Account (n)

a record or statement of financial expenditure; the means by which a user can access a computer system; an Internet-based entity owned by or assigned to a specific user, but stored in an organization

name/password/access/

balance/restriction/manager/policy/number/ status/ID; administrative/computer/ disabled/user/group/guest/local ~; account (v): ~ for sth, take into ~, on ~ of; on this ~; accountability (n): password ~, accountable (n): ~ to sb; (adv); accounting (n): ~ period/control/data system/device/ machine/management/software

Anonymity (n)

the state of being purposely unknown, concealing one’s identity

processor ~; anonym (n); anonymous (adj): ~ variable/letter/writer/server/ surfing/user;

Cf. pseudonym, alias

Avatar (n)

visual manifestation of a person or idea; a movable icon representing a person in cyberspace or virtual reality graphics

an ~ of selflessness, account/colorful ~; choose/change an ~;

syn. incarnation, embodiment

Block (v)

put an obstacle in the way; keep a troublesome user out of one’s mentions and send them an explicit signal that one wants to have nothing to do with them

~ a(n) file/software/account/site/mobile phone/network/anonymous user/abusing message/signal; block (n): ~ algebra/method/code; ~ of code/flats/shares; building/ control/data/memory/message/queue storage ~; blockage (n): manual/mechanical ~, the ~ factor; blocked (adj), blocker (n),

blockout (n);

syn. barrier, obstacle, impediment, hindrance; hinder, ban

ant. permit, give access, allow

Blog (n)

web + log

a site maintained by an individual or a business with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video

create/maintain/add content to/ contribute to a ~, a ~ client/host/-hosting; corporate/company/ news/ business ~; blogger (n): popular/notorious ~;

(micro)blogging (n): the art of ~;

syn. online journal

Cf. splog (n)=(spam+blog)

Bookmark (n)

a strip of leather, card, etc., used to mark one's place in a book; a record of the address of a file, Internet page, or other data enabling quick access by a user

create/delete/share/follow a ~, a ~ list; bookmarker (n); bookmarking (n): clever/frequent/individual ~;

syn. clip, holder, marker

Browse (v)

survey goods for sale in a leisurely and casual way; read or survey (data files) via a network

~ around the store/through the newspaper; ~ the web/web pages; browse (adj): a ~ list/mode; browser (n): web/popular/heavy ~, ~ interface; browsing (n): web/easy/computer ~; browsable (adj);

syn. surf

Cast (v)

throw something forcefully; cause (light or shadow) to appear on a surface; arrange and present in a specified form or style

~ a(n) smile/net/anchor; ~ back/aside/down/away; ~  doubts/lots; casting (n): life ~; cast (n): web/broad/pod/multi/vod ~;

syn. emit, put on air

Clickbait (n)

enticing readers to click through to the full story with a misleading or sensationalist headline, usually with the goal of generating page views and advertising revenue

~ headlines/titles/news;

clickbaiting (n): engage in ~

CTR (abbr)

Clickthrough rate

a common method of reporting on the number of people who have viewed a message or a piece of content and clicked on an ad or a link

increase/decrease/raise/lower/boost the ~; high/low ~

Cookie (n)

a sweet biscuit; a small identifier file placed on a user’s computer by a Web site, which logs information about the user and their previous/current visits

~ data/file/information/sheet/

verification; ~-enabled browser; delete/steal/spy/create (automatically)/enable/disable/

allow/switch on (off) ~s

Content(s) (n)

sng.: a state of satisfaction; pl.: the material dealt with in a speech, literary work, etc. as distinct from its form or style; information made available by a website or another electronic medium

low fat ~; online ~ providers; be ~ with sth; ~ oneself with sth; time of ~; contentless (adj); contented (adj): feel ~;~ -based coding/information retrieval; ~ -driven document; ~ analysis/decoder /management/filtering/provider ; ~s of a book; table of ~ s; the ~s page/list/directory/ dictionary; ~s of a file/data stream/message; block/ provide/create/show/restrict the ~s

ant. form

Community (n)

a group of people living together in one place, especially one practicing common ownership; a web society uniting people with the same interests, social values and or other particular characteristics

the international/European/virtual/research/information/online/user/AI ~; ~ service/center/college/facilities /health service/worker;

syn. society, group

Creep (v)

move slowly and carefully in order to avoid being heard or noticed; spend an extended period of time looking through someone’s profiles, photos, and videos on social media

~ up to sth/forward/back/

\slowly; creeping (adj); creeper (n): anonymous/irritating/fanatic/addicted ~

syn. lurk

Cf. follow

Crowdfunding (n)

the act of soliciting donations or investments from online users who collectively raise money to support a cause or underwrite a project

vast/urgent/quick/skillful ~ ; try/succeed in/raise money through/ resort to ~

Cyber (adj)

relating to or characteristic of the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality

~ age/space/warfare/ crime/life/criminal/offence/theft/ cash/culture/mail/café/sport/ terrorism/citizen/phobia/

security/slacker/speak/squatting/stalking; 

cybernated (adj): ~ humanity; cybernation (n): of the world; cybernaut (n); cybernetic (adj): ~ approach/control/machine/model/ system; cybernetics (n); cyborg (n);

syn. virtual

E- (prf)

indicating the use of electronic data transfer in cyberspace, especially through the Internet

~-mail/book/journal/commerce/ banking/learning/cash/zine/

crime/literacy/business/culture/government/library/payment/publishing/voting

Emoticon (n) Emotion + icon

a representation of a facial expression such as a smile or a frown, formed by various combinations of keyboard characters and used in electronic communications to convey the writer's feelings or intended tone

a(n) strange/(in)appropriate/ (ir)relevant/funny/angry/vertical/ horizontal/sticker ~; send/attach/add/choose an ~;

syn. smiley

FAQ (acr) Frequently asked questions

a text file containing a list of questions and answers relating to a particular subject, esp. the one giving basic information for users of an Internet newsgroup

publish/consult/ignore/look through/find the answer in ~;

Cf. FAQL (frequently asked question list)

Feed (v)

frequently updated content subscription to which allows to read the latest posts or watch the newest videos on a computer or any portable device

latest/abusing/parallel ~; web/news/events/line/power ~; (un)subscribe to a ~

Forum (n)

a meeting or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged; an online discussion site

a(n) discussion/international ~; join/provide a ~ for sb/sth; post sth on a ~; World Telecommunication ~; Independent Software Developers ~; pl. fora

syn. conference, newsgroup

Geotagging (n)

the process of adding location-based metadata to media such as photos, video or online maps

automatic/precise/user’s ~; use/

resort to/refer to/be guided by ~

Link (n)

a relationship between two things or situations; a reference in an electronic document that lets a user display or activate another document or program; a reference to data that the reader can directly follow by clicking

perma/hyper/data/cable/fiber-optic/implicit /logical/transmission/ transport ~; follow/click on/build/ manage/control a ~; a ~ access/address/control/error/file; linked (adj): a ~ list/document/ communication; link-up (n): a live satellite ~; linkable (adj):a ~ cycle; linkability (n): ~ of devices/equipment; linkage (n): external/internal ~;

syn. tie, connection,

(cross-) reference,

Cf. liason

Log (v)

enter (an incident or fact) in the log of a ship or aircraft or in another systematic record; go through the procedures to begin (or conclude) using a computer system

~ in to/out of a server; log (n): a ~ command/entry/file/journal/ message/server; logger (n): site/internet ~; logged (adj): ~ data/drive; logger (n): data/ multichannel/system ~, ~ machine; logging (n): error/executive/failure/ machine time ~, ~ printer/unit;

login (n): user /remote/automatic ~; ~ name/password/directory/ procedure/prompt/command file; disable a ~;

syn. log on/off

Mail (n)

letters and parcels sent by post; electronic mail

e/postal/snail/incoming/daily/direct ~; ~ box/edition/filter/program/ system/server/list/bot/man; send/order by ~; check/receive/redirect/delete/sort out the ~; mailable (adj);

mailing (adj): ~ list/list manager/processor/program;

syn. listserver (listserv)

Meme (n)

an element of a culture or system of behavior that may be passed from one individual to another by imitation; an image with a text, video or link describing a thought, idea, joke, or concept to be shared online

interesting/video/colorful/funny/absurd ~; spread/track/send/ post a ~; memetic (adj): ~ algorithm/code/spread

Media (n)

media (pl.): the main means of mass communication (television, radio, and newspapers) regarded collectively;

medium (sng.): a means by which sth is communicated or expressed; a particular storage container for computer files, such as magnetic tape or a disc

(pl.) civic/social/mass/local/ broadcasting/multi/interactive/

network/communication ~, ~ art/event/ library/studies/processor/-specific;

access/control/adapter/computer/ frequency; ~-capacity/-run/-sized; (sing.) information-carrying/input/output/ interactive/magnetic/recording/ storage/transfer (non)volatile ~; the ~ of instruction

syn. means

Monitor (v)

observe and check the progress or quality of sth over a period of time; observe some activities and measure them against benchmark policies and rules

~ activity/function/signal; monitor (n): black and white/color/CRT/ refreshed/ enhanced RGB/system/ flat-screen/LCD/LED/thin-film/VGA/TV ~; ~ amplifier/display/ mode/signal/switch; monitored (adj); monitoring (n): call/low-battery/performance/security threat/heat/pulse/remote access ~, ~ of production/ performance/tool breakage; ~ equipment/technology/ window;

syn. control, check, audit

Navigate (v)

guide (a vessel or vehicle) over a specified route, especially with difficulty, by using instruments or maps; move around a website, the Internet, etc.

a vessel/around the Web/a car through the traffic; be ~ed by the stars; ~ skillfully; ~; navigable (adj): ~ path/waterway; navigating (adj): ~ officer; navigation (n): electronic ~, ~ aids/air radar/area/button/canal/ computer/control/electronics/ facilities/instrument/kit/support/

satellite; navigational (adj): database/guidance/parameter/ query; navigator (n): television/driver’s/GSM ~

Password (n)

a secret word or a phrase that must be used to gain admission to a place; a string of characters that allows sb access to a computer system

generate/change/supply/enter a ~; multi (single)-user/one-time ~, ~ ageing/authentication/changing/ identification/logout/security/ verification; ~-protected;

Cf. identification, login

Post (v)

send by post; display (a notice) in a public place; make (information) available on the Internet; send (a message) to an Internet bulletin board or newsgroup

~ a message/status; ~ on the wall/Internet/site; ~ in sb’s blog; post (n): place a ~, a ~ bag/boy/card/ box/exchange/office; postal (adj): ~ address/code/service/transaction; send/receive by ~; provocative/clever/funny ~;

syn. mail, correspondence, public message

Cf. poste restante

Site (n)

an area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is constructed; (short for website) an Internet location that maintains one or more web pages

do sth on ~; ~ visits; a landfill ~; appear/post on the ~; close/block/ban/develop/design/ control/address/administer/compromise a ~;  ~ admin/control/database/ development/license/name/ safety/server/testing; a spyware ~;

syn. place, location, spot

Spam (n) 

irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of newsgroups or users for advertising purposes

send/receive/delete/block/report/ avoid ~; ~ filter/bot/buster/victim; spammer (n): annoying/irritating/ advertising ~; spamming (n): ~ of mailboxes/accounts; spamster (n);

syn. junk mail

Status (n)

relative social or professional position; the current condition a device or a user is in

~ of the person/bill, ~ bar/error/ control/monitoring/indicator/message/report; update/post/ delete/change/announce/

maintain/preserve/restore the ~; availability/(in)active/current ~; statutory (adj): ~ order/instrument;

syn. state, position

Cf. status quo

Stream (n)

a long, narrow strip of material used as a decoration or symbol; a continuous flow of data or instructions, typically one having a constant or predictable rate

TV/radio/video/information/ communication/file/input/output/ manager/mode/flow ~; ~ of data; instruction/media ~; stream (v); streamed (adj): ~ content/students; streamer (n): a plastic/party/multi-coloured ~ ; decorate/adorn with ~s; digital recording ~; streaming (adj): TV/video ~, audio ~;

syn. poster, slogan, flood

Trace (v)

follow or mark the course or position of sth; find or discover sth by investigation

~ a(n) signal/person/activity/actions; ~ sth back; trace (n): electrical/path/program/return/ reverse/signal ~; ~ analysis/ filter/interval/leakage/method/ scheduling; traceable (adj): barely ~; traceability (n); traced (adj): ~ profile; traceless (adj): ~ matrix/operator; tracer (n): ~ activity;

syn. track

Thread (n)

a long, thin strand of fibers used in sewing or weaving; a topic or subtopic within an electronic discussion group or forum; a programming structure or process linking a number of separate elements concurrently executed in multithreading

execution/discussion/main/single ~, ~ group/ID/ package/time/detector(ion)/

failure/formation; start/close/ continue/limit a ~;

thread (v): ~ a needle;

threaded (adj): ~ file;

threading (n): multi ~, ~ facility/tool

Virtual (adj)

not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so; an online computer-simulated space

~ world/reality/function/address/ business/call/network/channel/ community/computer/\

connection/database/device/directory/disk/library/meeting/memory/server/storage; virtualization (n): ~ engine/ implementation/management/ platform/software/technique/

technology; virtualize (v); virtually (adv): ~ impossible; virtuality (n);

syn. cyber

ant. real, actual

Web (n)

World Wide Web

a widely used information system on the Internet enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another

conferencing/casting/publishing/ browsing/programming; ~ page/address/application/ browser/designer/document/host/ interface/infrastructure/server/space/cast; ~-based administration/ email/solution;

syn. the Internet, global network

Cf. webinar, web-master, webcam, webisode, webzine

Wiki (n)

(from the Hawaiian “wiki wiki” which means “super fast”) a website or database developed collaboratively by a community of users, allowing any user to add and edit content

~pedia/books; media ~; ~leaks

Cf. encyclopedia

1. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. - Oxford University Press Inc., 2010

2. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. - 8-е изд., исп. и доп. – ABBYY. - Масловский Е.К., 2008.

3. Англо-русский толковый словарь по вычислительной технике, Интернету и программированию - 8-е изд., исп. и доп. – Э. М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий, 2011.

4. Англо-русский словарь по телекоммуникациям. - «РУССО». - Александров А.В., 2004.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. block

2. community

3. emoticon

4. forum

5. link

6. monitor

7. WWW

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. virtual

2. block

3. log in

4. snail mail

5. implicit

6. external

7. anonymous

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

accountably

link

mail

monitored

navigable

stream

trace

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

cyber

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a blog

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

contents

Adjective/Noun

Target vocabulary unit

feed

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

cookies

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

e-

Target vocabulary unit

Adjective/Noun

password

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. anonymity

A. a small identifier file placed on a user’s computer by a Web site, which logs information about the user and their previous/current visits for the use of the site next time the user makes contact

2. avatar

B. a location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more web pages

3. clickbait

C. the state of being purposely unknown, concealing one’s identity

4. CTR

D. a text file containing a list of questions and answers relating to a particular subject

5. cookie

E. a movable icon representing a person in cyberspace or virtual reality graphics

6. FAQ

F. a common metric for reporting on the number of people who viewed a message or piece of content and clicked on the ad or link

7. meme

G. an image with text, video or link describing a thought, idea, joke, or concept to be shared online

8. site

H. web content with a misleading or sensationalist headline that entices readers to click through to the full story, usually with the goal of generating page views and advertising revenue

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. a cookie – spying

A. general and specific

2. trace –track

B. cause and effect

3. mail – postal mail

C. contrast

4. virtual – real

D. equivalence

5. a post – a site

E. part and whole

6. cookie - tracking

F. method and purpose

7. www – site

Activity 8. Decode Noam Chomsky’s saying about the Internet and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

emoticon – meme

blog – site

Wikipedia - encyclopedia

log- blog

www – the Internet – cyberspace

avatar – icon

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for:

1. bookmark

2. FAQ

3. e-mail

4. password

5. status

6. thread

7. account

Activity 11. Outline the major advantages and/or disadvantages of:

Concept

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. cookie

2. geotagging

3. navigator

4. spam

5. avatar

6. crowdfunding

7. Wikipedia

Activity 12. Name at least 3 reasons why people should/shouldn’t have an anonymous avatar.

Activity 13. Say which accounts you have got on the Internet. What is the purpose of each account? How often do you use it?

Activity 14. Add to Wikipedia a page describing national clothes, a national musical instrument or the national cuisine (min. 500 words). Report on your contribution, demonstrate the results.

Activity 15. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about famous blogs/bloggers.

TEST

1

Mark the odd word: a) block b) permit c) give access d) allow

2

Alexandria is _________ by a network of railway and telegraph lines to the other towns of Egypt. a) linked b) linking c) linkage d) links

3

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “virtual – real”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) contrast

4

All of these are synonymous to the word “link” EXCEPT FOR:

a) tie b) connection c) cross-reference d) thread

5

E-mail and spam differ mostly by their ___.

a) size b) time of delivery c) purpose d) medium of delivery

6

A location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more web pages is known as a ___. a) blog b) cookie c) site d) link

7

What is the logical relationship between “a blog” and “an online journal”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence

8

What is the logical relationship between “mail” and “postal mail”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence

9

A blog and a forum differ mostly by their:

a) purpose b) number of authors c) location d) topic

10

Everybody can contribute ___ Wikipedia.

a) with b) in c) to d) for

11

A movable icon representing a person in cyberspace is known as a (n) ___.

a) avatar b) meme c) emoticon d) smiley

12

Computers account ____ 5% of the country's commercial electricity consumption.

a) with b) in c) for d) on

13

Mark the odd word:

a) account b) accountability c) accountant d) accountable

14

_________ TV is gaining more and more popularity.

a) stream b) streaming c) streamer d) streamed

15

Which of the following concepts denotes physical connection:

a) www b) landline c) the Internet d) cyberspace

16

Maintaining a site with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material is called ____. a) browsing b) blogging c) chatting d) feeding

17

The programmer successfully ____ some of software bugs.

a) traceless b) traced c) tracing d) trace

18

All of these deal with “data rate” EXCEPT FOR:

a) bandwidth b) clickbaiting c) throughput d) data transfer capacity

19

All of these collocate with the noun “crowdfunding” EXCEPT FOR:

a) succeed in b) allocate c) raise money through d) try

20

All of these collocate with the noun “password” EXCEPT FOR:

a) ageing b) stalking c) generation d) authentication


Module 7. CYBER CRIME

Term

Definition

Usage

Bootlegger (n)

a person engaged in illegal copying of software; an illegally copied software

bootlegging (n); bootlegged (adj);

syn. pirate, piracy

Breach (n)

an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct; disclosure of sensitive information to an unauthorized outsider

a ~ of law/contract/policy/code of conduct; do sth in ~ of sth;

syn. violation, infringement

Combat (v)

fight against sth; oppose sth vigorously

~ piracy/computer crime;

syn. fight sth, struggle with sth

Commit (v)

do; perform; dedicate oneself to sth

~ a(n) crime/murder/error/

suicide; ~ oneself to sth; ~ sth to memory/ prison; committed (adj): ~ to a cause/principles/idea/doing sth; a ~ employee/worker; commitment (n): show/demonstrate/make no ~;

Comply (v)

meet specified standards; act in accordance with a wish or command

~ with the rules/regulations/law/ standards; (non-)compliance (n); (non-)compliant (adj);

syn. conform to/with, abide by

Copyright (n)

the exclusive right given by law to an author to print, publish, and sell copies of his/her original work

secure/protect/ infringe on/ violate the ~; ~ law/holder; copyrighted (adj),

copyrighter (n);

copywriting (n)

ant. copyleft

Crack (v)

break or cause to break sth open or apart; find a solution to sth; decipher or interpret sth; break a security system illegally

~ a joke/code/message; a tough nut to ~, ~ down on criminals; crack (n): a ~ dealer/seller; crack (n): a tiny/narrow ~, cracking (n), cracker (n): a black-hat ~;

syn. break, decipher, hack

Crime (n)

illegal activity punishable by law

commit/prevent/report/fight (a) ~; punish sb for a ~; ~ rate/incidence; a victim of ~; petty/serious/violent/ organized ~; criminal (adj), criminally (adv), criminality (n), incriminate (v),

incrimination (n);

syn. felony, wrongdoing

Cyberbullying (n)

repeatedly harming or harassing other people online in a deliberate manner

be subject to~; fall/become a victim of ~;

syn. cyberstalking, trolling

Cybercide (n)

the deletion of an individual's entire online presences (the removal of all social media profiles, shared photos, blog posts, directory entries and so on)

be prone to/commit ~; an act of ~;

Cf. suicide, genocide, ecocide

Cyberslacking (n)

using company computer for personal purposes during working hours (playing games, shopping online or using social networking sites)

indulge in/engage in/combat ~; cyberslacker (n);

syn. cyberloafer, cyberloafing

Cybersquatting

(n)

purchasing a domain name that contains a well-known trademark or commercial name to sell it to the rightful owner for profit

engage in/be (get) involved in

/combat/eliminate ~

Data diddling (n)

modifying data for fun and profit, e.g. modifying grades, changing credit ratings, fixing salaries, or circumventing book-keeping and audit regulations

engage in/be (get) caught ~; data diddler (n)

Disseminate (n)

scatter or spread widely, promulgate extensively; broadcast; disperse

~ information/viruses/knowledge/ ideas/news; dissemination (n);

syn. spread, propagate, promulgate

Filter (v)

remove undesirable data by sifting

~ a list of customers/incoming e-mail/traffic;

syn. sift away

Flooding (n)

an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits; providing more input than the entity can process properly

engage in/suspect/combat/protect against ~; flood (v), flooded (adj), flooding (n);

Cf. mailbombing, packet monkey

Fraud (n)

manipulation of data for criminal purposes, e.g. changing banking records to illegally transfer money to an account

a ~ scheme; control/commit/suspect/ combat/ protect against ~; in case of ~; fraudulence (n), fraudulent (adj), fraudulently (adv), fraudster (n)

syn. cheating, swindling

Hacker (n)

someone who secretly

uses or changes the

information in other

people's computer

systems

speed/teleport/ethical ~;

hack (v), back-hack (v);

syn. cracker

Identity theft (n)

creating a false identity using sb else’s identifying information to make new credit cards or take loans

commit an ~; protect from ~;

accuse sb of ~

Intruder (n)

the one who puts oneself deliberately into a place or situation where one is unwelcome or uninvited

network/computer/impudent ~; attack/alert an ~; intrude (v), (un)intrusive (adj), intrusion (n);

syn. invader, trespasser

Jacking (n)

taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom

click/hi/page-~;

engage in/be (get) involved in/suspect/combat/protect against ~; create a click-~ site; jack in (v); jacker (n): hi/click/page-~;

syn. stealing

Cf. identity theft

Keylogging (n)

installing a program on a victim's machine that records every keystroke made by a user for stealing login and password details

suspect/engage in/combat/protect against/suffer from ~; keylogger (n)

Mousetrapping (n)

forcing an Internet user to stay on a particular website by triggering a mouse trap

engage in/suspect/combat/protect against ~

Packet monkey (n)

sb who intentionally floods a network server or router with data packets in order to make it unreachable by others

Cf. flooding

Phracking (n)

a combination of phreaking with computer hacking

engage in/suspect/combat/protect against ~; phracker (n)

Phreaking (n)

hacking telephone systems, usually for the purpose of making free phone calls

engage in/suspect of /combat/protect against ~; freaker (n)

Piggybacking (n)

gaining unauthorized access to a computer system via another user's legitimate connection

engage in/be (get) involved in/be caught ~; a piggyback

Piracy (n)

the act of illegally copying software, music, or movies that are copyright-protected

computer/software ~; act of ~;

engage in/suspect/combat/commit/ protect against ~; anti-piracy (n): ~ law/measures; pirate (n), pirated (adj);

syn. bootlegging

Pharming (n)

misdirecting traffic from one website to a website controlled by a criminal hacker by altering the domain name system or configuration files on a victim’s computer

engage in/be (get) involved in/ suspect/combat/commit/protect against ~; pharmer (n)

Phishing (n)

sending e-mails or creating web pages that are designed to collect confidential information for penetration, financial fraud or identity theft

engage in/be involved in/be caught ~; phisher (n)

Repudiation (n)

rejection of a proposal or idea; refusal to fulfill or discharge an agreement,

obligation, or debt

~ of a law/contract/policy/idea/ principle; (n); repudiate (v);

syn. reject, renounce

ant. non-repudiation

/slicing (n)

stealing tiny amounts of money from each transaction

engage in/be (get) involved in/be (get) caught (in) ~

Scavenging (n)

looking through discarded listings, tapes, or other information storage media for useful information such as access codes, passwords, or sensitive data

engage in/be (get) involved in/be (get) caught ~;

syn. dumpster diving

Spoofing (n)

deceiving a system into thinking you are someone you really are not to bypass security measures

IP ~; engage in/be (get) involved in/be (get) caught ~; spoofer (n)

Steal (v)

take sb’s property without permission or legal right and without intending to return it

~ sth from sb; stolen (adj), stealth (n), stealthy (adj), stealthily (adv);

syn. theft (n)

Cf. thief

Trojan Horse (n)

an innocent-looking program that has undocumented harmful functions

download/detect/neutralize a ~;

Cf. Easter egg, time bomb, zombie

Trolling (n)

an anti-social act of

causing an interpersonal

conflict and controversy

online, purposely sowing

hatred, bigotry, racism, etc.

go ~; engage in/prevent/tackle/stop (an act of)/suffer from/reduce the risk of ~; troll (v);

syn. cyberbullying

Virus (n)

a computer program designed to replicate and spread itself from one machine to another by human action

download/detect/neutralize/spread/disseminate a ~;

Cf. bot, zombie

Wiretapping (n)

the interception of electronic communications in order to access information

engage in/detect/be (get) caught/protect against/from ~

Worm (n)

a program which spreads through a computer system or network by replicating itself without human action(like a virus) but without integrating itself into its executable code

install/download/detect/neutralize/ spread/disseminate a ~

1. Kabay M. E., Glossary of computer crime terms. [Online]. Available: http://www.mekabay.com/overviews/glossary.pdf [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2015]

2. Ward M., Hi-tech crime: A glossary. BBC news. [Online]. Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk/5400052.stm [Accessed: Oct. 14, 2015]

3. The Dictionary. Netlingo. [Online]. Available: http://www.netlingo.com [Accessed: 15 Oct. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. bootlegger

2. combat

3. committed to sth

4. breach

5. stealth

6. cyberslacking

7. filter

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. compliant

2. repudiation

3. violation

4.conformity

5. copyright

6. piracy

7. black-hat cracker

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

commit

intruder

criminal

steal

fraudulently

flood

(non-) compliant

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

fraud

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a worm/virus

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

commit a(n)

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

spoofing

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

comply with a

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. stealing, jacking

A. modifying data for fun and profit

2. keylogging

B. using company resources for personal reasons during working hours

3. mousetrapping

C. taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom

4. phreaking

D. forcing an Internet user to stay on a particular website

5. data diddling

E. hacking telephone systems, usually for the purpose of making free phone calls

6. pharming

F. recording every keystroke that a user makes for stealing login and password details

7.cyberslacking

G. misdirecting traffic from one Website to a Website controlled by a criminal hacker

8. spoofing

H. deceiving a system into thinking you are someone you really are not

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. bootlegging – piracy

A. general and specific

2. phracking – cracking

B. cause and effect

3. spoofing – identity theft

C. contrast

4. stealing – salami slicing

D. method and purpose

5. worm – virus

E. part and whole

6. cyberslacking – loss of productivity

F. equivalence

7. firewall – malware protection

Activity 8. Decode a Jewish proverb about crime and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

stealing vs jacking

phracking vs phreaking

hijacking - page-jacking - click-jacking

keylogging – mouse-trapping

malware – grayware

fraud – theft

hacker – cracker

Activity 10. Name at least 2 kinds of crime that involve:

1. violation of social norms

2. telephone calls

3. copyright violations

4. misdirecting or impeding traffic

5. stealing confidential data

6. identity theft

Activity 11. Arrange the computer crimes in the ascending order of the difficulty of committing them.

Activity 12. What kind of crime you might be a victim to if:

1. Your telephone/Internet bills have risen significantly.

2. Your account information has changed.

3. You receive threats and insults on the net.

4. The money in your bank account has disappeared.

5. You receive a lot of unwanted e-mails.

6. Your copyright is violated.

7. You can’t leave an Internet page.

Activity 13. Describe an instance of your suffering from an Internet crime.

Activity 14. What could you do not to fall prey to Internet criminals (name at least 3 measures).

Activity 15. Do a mini-research and add to the above list more recent types of computer crime.

TEST

1

Mark the odd word: a) oppose b) combat c) fight d) struggle

2

All of these may be committed EXCEPT FOR:

a) crime b) a mistake c) a murder d) suicide

3

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “breach - compliance ”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) contrast

4

A hacker and a cracker differ mostly in the ___ of their activity.

a) method b) purpose c) nature d) location

5

Which of these is synonymous to the word “cyberbullying”:

a) cyberslacking b) cyberstalking c) cybersquatting d) cyberloafing

6

Modifying data for fun and profit is known as ___.

a) phishing b) spoofing c) data diddling d) phreaking

7

One can filter any of these EXCEPT FOR:

a) fraud b) a list of customers c) incoming e-mail d) traffic

8

What is the logical relationship between “malware” and “a virus”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence

9

Names of all crimes that consist in taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom contain the root ___. a) cide b) jack c) tap d) cyber

10

Choose the correct preposition: Anyone subject ___ cybercrime should be protected by law. a) of b) in c) to d) with

11

The words “trolling”, “cyberbullying”, “cyberstalking” relate to:

a) ill-treatment of people online

b) loss of confidential information

c) stealing sb’s property

d) deceiving people

12

The concepts of “keylogging”, “mousetrapping”, “pharming” relate to all of these EXCEPT FOR:

a) manipulation of people

b) loss of confidential information

c) blackmailing

d) deceiving people

13

The words “hijacking”, “pagejacking”, “clickjacking” relate to:

a) loss of confidential information

b) illegal takeover

c) stealing sb’s property

d) deceiving people

14

The words “piracy”, “bootlegging”, “copyright” relate to:

a) ill-treatment of people online

b) loss of confidential information

c) stealing sb’s intellectual property

d) deceiving people

15

All of these are synonymous to the word “disseminate ” EXCEPT FOR:

a) promote b) spread c) propagate d) promulgate

16

Purchasing a domain name that contains a well-known trademark or commercial name to sell it to the rightful owner for a big profit is known as ___.

a) cyberslacking b) cybersquatting c) cybercide d) cyberbullying

17

He is a convicted credit-card ___.

a) fraudster b) fraud c) fraudulent d) fraudulence

18

All of these collocate with the noun “worm” EXCEPT FOR:

a) install b) commit c) download d) detect

19

The difference between “copyright” and “copyleft” concerns mostly

the authors’ ___ (their) work. a) income from b) manner of c) method of

d) interest in

20

A blackhat and a whitehat differ mostly in the ___.

a) color b) size c) shape d) purpose


Module 8. CYBER SECURITY

Term

Definition

Usage

Attack (n)

an attempt to gain unauthorized access to system services, resources, or information, or to compromise system integrity

a(n) violent/aggressive/active/

passive/ inside/outside/spoofing ~; come under ~; be open to/ launch an ~;

syn. penetration, intrusion

Authenticate (v)

prove or show sth to be true, genuine, or valid; confirm the correctness of the claimed identity

~ a document/identity;

authentication (n): certificate-based/biometric ~;

authenticity (n);

syn. verify, validate, confirm

Cf. authorize

Authorize (v)

grant a right or a permission to a system entity to access a system resource

~ sb to do sth; be ~ed to do sth;

authorization (n): obtain/sign/present ~; authorized (adj): an ~ payment/dealer; authority (n): have/exercise ~ over sth/sb; delegate ~ to sb;

syn. entitle

Cf. authenticate

Back door (adj)

a feature or a defect of a computer system that allows secret unauthorized access to data

leave/activate a ~ to a computer; open a ~ to hackers;

syn. trap door

Certificate (n)

an official document recognizing sb as possessing certain qualifications or meeting certain standards

issue/renew/revoke/ grant/get/obtain a ~; ~ renewal/revocation; certify (v); certified (adj): a ~ CISCO programmer/accountant/ instructor; certification (n): ~ authority/procedure

syn. accredit, qualify

Cipher (n)

sth written in a code; a cryptographic algorithm

~ text/mode/key; write sth in ~;

(de)cipher (v), (de)ciphered (adj): a ~ message

syn. code, encrypt

Classified (adj)

sth or sb arranged in categories according 

to shared qualities or characteristics; sth categorized as officially secret, access to which requires authorization

a ~ document/information/ advertisement; be ~ according to into some categories;

classify (v): ~ sb/sth into … according to…; classification (n): ~ level/type/category;

syn. categorize

ant. declassified, unclassified

Code (n)

a system of symbols used to represent information in the form other than the original one

write/crack a ~; ~ string/generator/ inspection/length/point; source/malicious/machine/ASCII ~;

decode (v), encode (v);

syn. cipher, cryptogram

Compromise (v)

reach an agreement or settlement of a dispute by each side making concessions; cause to become vulnerable or function less effectively

~ a system/data/security/one’s principles; ~ on sth; compromise (n): reach a ~; (un)compromised (adj);

syn. undermine, weaken, concession

Confidential (adj)

information to be disclosed only to those authorized to view it

~ information/service/details/ performance check; keep sth ~; on a ~ basis; divulge ~ information; confidentiality (n): ~ agreement, breach of ~, total ~, under the terms of ~, guarantee/request ~; confidentially (adv);

syn. private, personal, secret, sensitive, classified

ant. open, public

Corruption (n)

dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery; degradation of a computer database or program by alteration or the introduction of errors

expose/root out ~; allegation of ~; prevent accidental data ~; lead to/cause data ~; rotten with ~;

corrupt/ed (adj);

ant. integrity

Cf. bribery

Dedicated (adj)

devoted to a task or purpose; exclusively allocated to or intended for a particular purpose; a mode of IS operation, wherein all users are authorized to access all data handled by the system

be ~ to a career/cause/team;

a ~ channel/security mode/link/ terminal/web page/graphics/card/ employee/LAN /line; dedicate (v): ~ oneself to sth/sb; ~ sth to sb; dedication (n);

syn: committed, exclusive, allocated

Deny (v)

refuse to give sth requested or desired to sb; refuse to admit the truth or existence of sth

~ access/the existence of sth/evidence/a law/a privilege/a claim; ~ sb the right to sth; ~ oneself the pleasure of sth/doing sth; ~ that…; denial (n): ~ of service/access;

(un)deniable (adj);

syn: reject, decline

Encrypt (v)

convert (information or data) into a code, especially to prevent unauthorized access

~ information/data/a password/a message; cryptography (n), (un)encrypted (adj);encryption (n): ~ standards/code;

syn. code, cypher

ant. decrypt, decode

Expire (v)

(of a document, authorization, or agreement) reach the end of the validity period

license/contract/term/authorization ~s on/ at …; expiry (n): ~ date; upon/before/after ~; best before ~;

expiration (n), expired (adj)

Expose (v)

make sth visible by uncovering it; release sensitive data to an unauthorized entity (as a result of theft, wiretapping, etc.), cause someone to be vulnerable or at risk

~ sb to danger/risk/treatment/injury; ~ the nature/flaw/defect of sth; exposed (adj): ~ to culture/best practices; ~ and vulnerable; exposure (n): deliberate/unintentional ~;

syn. endanger, imperil, jeopardize sb/sth;

familiarize/acquaint sb with sth

Detect (v)

discover or identify the presence or existence of sth

~ (a/n) intrusion/virus/attempt/cancer /crime/changes/trend;

detector (n): fire ~; detective (n);

syn. become aware/conscious of, perceive

Digital (adj)

relating to, using, or storing data or information in the form of signals expressed as series of the digits 0 and 1

~ certificate/signal/age/map/assistant/ TV/generation/technology/revolution/ recording/cassette/copier/image; digitize (v); digit (n);

syn. computerized

ant. analogue

Disrupt (v)

interrupt or prevent the correct operation of system services and functions

~ the workflow/operations/activities/ a(n) application/mechanism/process/ system/production/plans; disruption (n), disruptive (adj);

syn. discontinue, interfere

Fail (v)

be unsuccessful in achieving one’s goal; cease to work properly; break down

~ to qualify/to meet the standards/to do sth; ~ in one’s attempt to do sth /an exam; a ~-safe mode; a ~ grade; ~;

failure (n): ~ control; control ~; be doomed to ~;

syn. breakdown, malfunction, go wrong;

ant. succeed

Filter (n)

a piece of software that processes data before passing it to another application, for example by reformatting characters or removing unwanted types of material

~ out/through sth;

~ a system/a message/traffic/ information/calls; filter (n): water/oil/software/removable ~; install a ~; ~ capability

syn. sift, purify

Firewall (n)

either a hardware program or a feature intended to filter incoming and outbound traffic

install/construct/bypass a ~; monitor computers and networks through a ~; invest in a software ~; up-to-date/outdated/personal ~; voice ~;

syn: security, gateway

Identity (n)

the characteristics determining who or what a person or thing is

~ card; personal/mistaken/group/corporate/ racial/social/ethnic/national ~;

identify (v): ~ sb (oneself) with sth/sb; identifier (n); identification (n);

syn. selfhood

Integrity (n)

the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; the state of being undivided; internal consistency or lack of corruption in electronic data

a man of ~; data/database ~ check; check sth for ~; structural/moral/territorial ~; ensure/preserve ~; integral (adj), (dis)integrated (adj);

syn. soundness, wholeness, solidity

Intrude (v)

enter with a disruptive or adverse effect;

gain access to sensitive data without authorization by circumventing a system's security protection

~ on sb’s privacy/into sb’s private life;

intruder (n), intrusion (n): defend sth against ~;

syn. encroach, infringe on, invade, disrupt

Cf: trespassing, penetration, reverse engineering

Log in/on (v)

gain access to a session to use system resources usually by

providing a user name and password to an access control system

~ to one’s computer/account/network;

login (n): type the ~; a ~ command file;

log (n): keep a ~ of sth; a logbook (n);

ant. log off/out

Password (n)

a secret word or phrase used to gain admission to a place; a string of characters that allows access to a computer, interface, or system

type/enter/change/require/supply/ know/forget the ~; ~ protection; be protected by a ~; a(n) (in)valid ~

Penetrate (v)

go into or through sth especially with force or effort; gain unauthorized access to sensitive data by circumventing a system's protections

~ the market/into a system/sb’s words;

penetration(n): high/deep ~; ~ level; (im)penetrable (adj): ~ barrier/network;

syn. infiltrate, invade

Privacy (n)

the state of being free from public attention; the right of a person

to determine the degree to which s/he will share information about him/herself with others

loss/guarantee of ~; invade/protect ~;

~ concerns/issues/policy/setting;

for ~ reasons/considerations/ protection;

private (adj): a ~ network

syn: confidentiality

ant. publicity, public

Proprietary (adj)

sth owned by an individual or a company, which needs to be licensed from the owner before it can be used

~ information/brand/rights/interests/ name /OS/database/software/ system/features; proprietorship (n);

ant. open, public/generic (brand)

Rely (v)

depend on sb/sth with full trust or confidence

~ on/upon sb/sth;

(un)reliable (adj), (un)reliability (n);

syn. be confident of; depend on, trust

Risk (n)

exposure to danger, the possibility that something unpleasant or unwelcome will happen

~-averse/aversion; the ~ factor; pose a ~; run/take the ~ of; a security ~; a ~ to safety; ~taker;

risky (adj), riskiness (n);

syn. insecurity,

Safety (n)

the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury

cyber/public ~ ; assure/jeopardize sb’s ~; ~ barriers/precautions;

safe (adj): stay ~ on the Internet, be ~ for sb/from sth; safely (adv);

syn. security

ant. insecurity

Scan (v)

look quickly but not very thoroughly through sth;

convert a document or picture into digital form; check manually or automatically for viruses and malware

~ for/through/into the computer; ~ data/information/library/the contents/pages/headings; scan (n): a quick ~ of sth;

scanner (n): optical/ultrasound/color/ desktop ~; buy/test/run the ~

Secret (n)

not known or seen or not meant to be known or seen by others

guard/keep/divulge a ~; a(n) open/state/commercial/military ~; meet in ~; secretive (adj): be ~ about sth

syn. cryptic, confidential, classified

Secure (adj)

protected against attack or other criminal activity

~ connection/transaction; ~ against/from sth;

security (n) : ~ policy/update/ environment/mechanism/service/ protocol/level; social/data ~; ensure/ compromise/undermine ~;

ant. insecure, insecurity

Sensitive (adj)

quick to detect or respond to slight changes, signals, or influences; kept secret or with restrictions on disclosure to avoid endangering security

~ to criticism/other people’s feelings/about sth; ~ information/issue/test/equipment/area;

sense (n), (in)sensitivity (n);

ant. insensitive

Threat (n)

a person or thing likely to cause damage or danger, a potential for violation of security or inflicting harm

pose/constitute/cause/carry out/fulfill/face a ~; security/major/hidden ~; a ~ to public safety; under the ~ of sth; threaten (v), threatening (adj);

syn. jeopardy, menace

Valid (adj)

legally or officially acceptable or binding; in legal force

~ contract/license/password/visa; (in)validity (n), (in)validate (v), (in)validation (n);

syn. effective

ant. invalid, ineffective

Vulnerability (n)

a flaw or weakness in a system that could be exploited to violate the system's security policy

degree of ~; exploit/identify/fix a ~ on a system; in/vulnerable (adj): ~ group/position/to criticism; emotionally/feel ~;

ant. immune, immunity

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. authenticate

2. authorize

3. compromise

4. deny

5. endanger

6. disrupt

7. intrude

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. encrypt

2. code

3. admit

4. vulnerable

5. confidential

6. succeed

7. cipher

8. proprietary

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

confide

undeniably

validity

safe

detect

digital

penetration

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a certificate

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a firewall

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

confidential

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

code

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

dedicated

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

deny

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. back door

A. disclose confidential information

2. divulge

B. a feature or defect of a computer system that allows secret unauthorized access to data

3. deny

C. sth categorized as officially secret, access to which requires authorization

4. classified

D. internal consistency or lack of corruption in electronic data

5. integrity

E. refuse to admit the truth or existence of sth

6. threat

F. owned by an individual or a company, which needs to be licensed from the owner before it can be used

7. proprietary

G. a person or thing likely to cause damage or danger

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. I have never come ___ such an aggressive attack before.

2. Medicines should not be used ___ expiry.

3. Travelling abroad one gets exposed ___ various cultures.

4. These efforts are doomed ___ failure.

5. The disc has not been checked ___ integrity.

6. I would hate to intrude ___ his privacy.

7. She didn’t post the information ___ privacy reasons.

8. You can surely rely ___ me.

9. Could you scan the document ___ the computer?

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Logical relationship

1. authorize-authenticate

A. general and specific

2. firewall – security

B. cause and effect

3. deny – admit

C. contrast

4. scan – digitize

D. method and purpose

5. character – password

E. part and whole

6. filter - firewall

F. equivalence

7. integrity – corruption

Activity 8. Decode Bruce Schneier’s saying about computer security and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. disclosing – divulging information

2. certificate – license

3. confidential – classified information

4. password – login – pin code

5. data integrity – academic integrity

6. safety – security

Activity 10. Say what/who can be… and how:

1. secured

2. corrupted

3. certified

4. dedicated

5. in/validated

Activity 11. Say what the following is used/done for:

1. authentication

2. authorization

3. encryption

4. back door

5. invalidation

6. coding

7. fail-safe mode

Activity 12. Analyze the reliability of a) passwords; b) firewalls c) licenses.

Activity 13. Do a mini-research and enumerate the computer security measures a) on the part of the user b) on the part of a programmer. Evaluate their reliability.

Activity 14. Describe your personal computer vulnerabilities.

Activity 15. Write a story of mistaken identity.

TEST

1

All of these are synonymous to the word “authenticate” EXCEPT FOR:

a) verify b) authorize c) validate d) confirm

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “firewall – security”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

3

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “deny – admit”:

a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose d) part and whole

4

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “filter – firewall”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole

5

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “character – password”:

a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose d) part and whole

6

Which of these is a correct antonym to the adjective “penetrable”:

a) unpenetrable b) inpenetrable c) impenetrable d) non-penetrable

7

All of these mean “cause to become vulnerable or function less effectively” EXCEPT FOR: a) compromise b) secure c) penetrate

d) expose

8

Mark the odd word: a) compromise b) corrupt c) disrupt d) detect

9

Official recognition of sb as possessing certain qualifications or meeting certain standards is referred to as ___.

a) authentication b) certification c) authorization d) verification

10

Mark the odd word: a) cipher b) code c) encrypt d) decrypt

11

Which of these is antonymous to “confidential”:

a) sensitive b) public c) classified d) proprietary

12

All of these collocate with the adjective “dedicated” EXCEPT FOR:

a) network b) channel c) link d) line

13

Choose the correct preposition: While studying abroad one gets exposed ___ the risks of cross-cultural misunderstanding. a) for b) to c) at d) by

14

Hackers try to ___ firewalls. a) install b) construct c) bypass d) set up

15

All of these are synonymous to the verb “expose” EXCEPT FOR:

a) endanger b) imperil c) peril d) jeopardize

16

The project is doomed ___ failure. a) for b) to c) – d) from

17

One can deny all of these EXCEPT FOR:

a) sb’s right to sth b) access b) a service c) some evidence d) an invitation

18

When scanning images ___ the computer, you digitize them

a) on b) in c) into d) to

19

Information categorized as officially secret, access to which requires authorization, is referred to as ___. a) confidential b) classified c) sensitive d) encrypted

20

Try not to intrude ___ people’s privacy in social networks.

a) — b) on c) at d) into


Module 9. TRENDS IN IT

Term

Definition

Usage

Accelerate (v)

increase in rate, amount, or extent; begin to move more quickly

~ (a) process/development/tempo/ changes/reforms/growth;

accelerated (adj), acceleration (n); accelerometer (n);

syn. quicken

ant. decelerate

Ad hoc (adj)

created or done for a particular purpose as necessary

an ~ network/test/analysis/ approach/body/committee; resolve sth ~; do sth on an ~ basis; adhocracy (n)

Agile (adj)

able to move or think quickly and easily; characterized by flexibility and pragmatism, adjusting development to customer needs and goals

methods/methodology/

project management/software development

agility (n); aglet (agile applet);

syn. adaptive, flexible

ant. waterfall

Amplify (v)

increase the volume, amplitude of sth like a sound, an electrical signal; make sth more intense

~ (a/n) signal/music/effect/process/ discussion; amplifier (n); amplification (n);

syn. enhance, augment;

ant. reduce, weaken

AI (abbr)

Artificial Intelligence

a branch of computer science that aims to program computers for reasoning, problem solving, learning, planning, manipulating objects

theoretical(practical) aspects/area of ~; ~ language/research/ technology/program;

specialize in/study/develop ~;

(un)intelligent (adj), (un)intelligently (adv), intelligentsia (n)

Asynchronous (adj)

not existing or occurring at the same time; (of computing processes) that can start or stop independently of other processes, which maximizes computing resources by utilizing idle times

communication/media/computing; ~ with sth;

synchronize with (v), asynchrony,

a/synchronously (adv);

ant. synchronous

Beta test (n)

the second (pre-release) phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out and reports bugs back to the developers

launch/undergo/subject to/stand/pass a ~; be on the ~; beta-testing (n);

Cf. beta version

Best practices (n)

commercial or professional procedures and standards that are globally accepted or prescribed as being correct or most effective

ensure/get exposed to/identify/ use/share/promulgate/adopt/gain an insight into/implement/follow/ transfer ~; industry/current ~;

the latest and ~ of the profession;

the ~ of the 1990

Cf. Big Data, Machine Learning, IoT, e-gov, e-commerce

Biometric (adj)

using biometric traits (fingerprints, eye retina, etc.) to verify users’ claimed identities when accessing devices, networks, networked or Web applications

~ authentication/ verification/techniques/method/security device; biometrical (adj): approach/genetics/characteristics; biometrics (n), biometrician (n); bioinformatics (n)

syn. biometry

Breakthrough (n)

a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development

major/technological/conceptual/ exciting/important/dramatic ~; achieve/make a ~; a ~ in sth

Bricks and clicks (n)

business that existed pre-Internet which now also uses the e-commerce selling technology via the Internet

~ stores/practices;

syn. physical VS virtual

Cf. bricks and mortar

Channel integration (n)

the practice of creating consistent messaging and utility across different complementing customer channels such as radio, TV, printed media, Internet, direct mailing, call center operations, making sure that customers have the same experience, regardless of the channel they use

promote/enhance/contribute to ~; (dis)integrated (adj);

ant. disintegration

Cloud (n)

a public or semi-public space for delivering hosted data storage, encapsulation, translation and transportation services over the Internet

~ computing/storage/technology; private/public/hybrid ~ computing services

Cf. in-house (storage)

Cluster (n)

a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together; a group of loosely coupled computers that work together closely

a ~ of houses/stars /fruit, data ~; cluster (v): ~ around (v), clustered (adj), clustering (n): use/apply application ~, ~ of DB; software ~; clusterize (v), clusterization;

syn. bunch, knot

Cobot (n)

a robot that has been designed to work in collaboration with a human, as a co-worker would

create/design/operate a ~;

cobotic (adj): a ~ device

Cutting-edge (adj)

related to technological devices, techniques or achievements that employ the most current and high-level IT developments

~ technology/equipment;

cutting edge (n): the ~ of science/technology, etc.;

become/gain a sharper/lose/form/give sb/lack/represent/be at/stay at the ~;

syn. state-of-the-art, leading edge

Innovate (v)

make changes in sth established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products

failure/desire to ~; keep ~ing;

~ competitively; innovation (n): promote/support/introduce ~s; biotech/latest/breakthrough ~s; innovator (n), innovatory (adj)

Knowledge (n)

facts, information, and skills

acquired through experience

or education; the intellectual

assets of an enterprise, system

~ management/economy; ~ base

(n), ~based engineering/economy/ approach; knowledgeable (adj),

knowledgeability (n),acknowledge

(v), acknowledgement (n)

Life hacker (n)

any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and efficiency, solves an everyday problem in an inspired, ingenious manner

create/invent/design/be a ~;

life-hacking (adj): a ~ device/ method

Modify (v)

make partial or minor changes to sth

~ a program,/structure/design;

modification (n), modified (adj), modifier (n);

syn. change, adjust, adapt

Multi- (prf)

related to more than one, many

~-purpose/functional/media/

mode/user; multiply (v),

multiple (adj), multiplicity (n), multitasking (n)

Nano (n)

denoting a factor of 10−9 (one billionth part of sth), sth sub-microscopical

~ technology/material/fiber/scale/ particle/tube/second/bot

Neural network

a computational model based on the structure and functions of biological neural networks

theoretical (practical) aspects/area of ~; ~ research/technology/ program; specialize in/study/develop ~; artificial ~

Next-generation (adj)

related to the future, being in store

~ operational support system/
solutions/computer

Open source (n)

the original source code in software engineering which is made freely available to the public and may be redistributed and modified

software/protocol/project/

product/ initiative

Outsourcing (n)

using external sources to provide service and support operations

IT/partial/total ~; use/resort to ~; outsource (v): ~ services/

facilities;

ant. insourcing

3-D printing (n)

an additive manufacturing process that builds layers to create a three-dimensional solid object from a digital model

develop/introduce ~; the cost/ opportunity/introduction of ~;

3-D printer (n)

4-D printing (n)

an additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and, in some cases, of self-assembly

develop/practice/introduce ~;

the cost/opportunity/introduction of ~; 4-D printer (n)

-proof (adj)

never-failing, protected from

water/fool/bullet/sound/

earthquake~;

Cf. water-resistant

Quantum programming (n)

a would-be programming, in which calculations are based on the behavior of particles at the sub-atomic level, capable of executing far more millions of instructions per second (MIPS) than before because the data units can exist in more than one state at a time

develop/practice/introduce ~;

the cost/opportunity/introduction of ~;

ant. binary computer programming

Real-time (adj)

a level of computer responsiveness that a user senses as sufficiently immediate, occurring in actual time

~ decisions/technology/system/ solutions/software/signal processing

ant. virtual time

R&D (abbr)

Research and Development

(related to) researching and developing new products or technologies

~ department/organization/ budget allocation

Recognition (n)

software ability to digitize real-life visual information

voice/speech/face/gesture/optical character ~;

recognize (v), (ir)recognizable (adj)

Remote (adj)

distant; in computing: about a device which can only be accessed via a network

~ from sth; ~ control/access/ terminal/ location/area/ administration tool/alarm sensor;

remoteness (n), remotely (adv)

syn. distant

ant. nearby, local

Robot (n)

a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer

build/construct/design/create/

control a ~; interactive/industrial ~; ~ control;

robotic (adj): ~ industry/ movement/mechanism/

precision/system; robotics (n): law of ~; ~ technology; robotize (v)

Cf. cobot

Smart (adj)

having or showing a quick-witted intelligence; any type of equipment, instrument, or machine that is programmed to be capable of some independent action

look ~; a ~ device/phone/home/ city/Aleck; smartly (adv), smartness (n);

syn. intelligent

ant. dumb

Social media

(n, pl.)

a catch-all term for a variety of Internet applications that allow users to create content and interact with each other by sharing and commenting on links, photos, videos and posting public updates, etc.

use/support/develop/invent ~;

medium (n, sing): ~ of exchange/instruction; provide a ~ for sth; mediate (v), intermediate (adj),

intermediary (n)

syn. civic media

Cf. SMM (social media marketing)

Tele- (prf)

far off; to or at a distance

~vision/phone/transportation/ kinesis/commuting/communication/ marketing

syn. remote, distant

Tolerant (adj)

(of a plant, animal, or machine) able to endure specified conditions or treatment

failure/fault~; ~ of pollution/high temperature; fault~ data protection/technology;

toleration (n), (in)tolerance (n), (in)tolerantly (adv);

ant. intolerant

Viral (adj, n)

(of an image, video, piece of information, etc.) circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another

a ~ advertising campaign/marketing; go ~; viral (n): the rise of ~s;

virally (adv)

1. Technology dictionary, Technopedia. Available: http://www.techopedia.com/definition [Accessed: 20 Oct. 2015]

2. Computer glossary, Techtarget dictionary and encyclopedia. [Online]. Available: http://bnc.bl.uk/saraWeb.php?qy=best+practices&mysubmit=Go [Accessed: 24 Oct. 2015]

3. Online tech dictionary for IT professionals, IT Business Edge. [Online]. Available: http://www.webopedia.com/ [Accessed: 22 Oct. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms and/or antonyms:

1. quantum programming

2. agile

3. accelerate

4. synchronous

5. integrated

6. real time

7. remote

8. tolerant

Activity 2. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

multiple

modify

recognition

in/tolerantly

amplify

intelligent

robot

Activity 3. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Noun

Target vocabulary unit

-proof

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

nano-

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

remote

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

tele-

Activity 4. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. waterfall

A. a business management and corporate culture model based on the ability to adapt quickly to changing conditions

2. insourcing

B. the underlying set of facts, assumptions, and rules which a computer system has available to solve a problem

3. adhocracy

C. characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of work

4. knowledge base

D. separating the IS department from the enterprise, usually as a business unit measured by its own profit and loss

5. tolerant

E. circulated rapidly and widely from one Internet user to another

6. viral

F. able to endure specified conditions or treatment

7 7. agile

G. characterized by flexibility and pragmatism, adjusting development to customer needs and goals

Activity 5. Fill in the blanks with the words “-tolerant”, “-proof”, “multi-“, “tele-“”-free”

1. It will be a wrist-watch shaped device that permits instantaneous ___ portation to the zones where the keys are hidden.

2. ___ sensory devices are now trending.

3. I'm going to seal off the back of the car with a sheet of sound- ___ glass.

4. This set of computer equipment has a water- ___ box for a printer.

5. The device is not at all fault-___

6. They are very well designed and totally bug-___.

7. He had never favored ___ pathy as a means of communication.

8. The receiver is quite fool-___ and generally consists of a few basic components.

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. These teacher-student interactions are asynchronous, ____ each other.

2. The invention of fiber-optic communication was a major breakthrough ___ the field of computing.

3. We should make the world more tolerant ___people with physical and intellectual disabilities 4. While studying in the US one gets exposed ___ the best practices in the computer industry.

5. The 750 series SSDs were ___ the cutting edge of storage technologies

6. Cost-conscious companies resort ___ outsourcing as a way to reduce overhead expenses.

7. 3D printers can create a three-dimensional solid object ___ a digital model

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. cobot – robot

a. general and specific

2. cutting-edge – state-of-the-art

b. cause and effect

3. water-proof - water-resistant

c. contrast

4. smart – dumb

d. method and purpose

5. remote access – telecommuting

e. part and whole

6. breakthroughs – smarter devices

f. equivalence

7. agile – flexible

Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about innovations and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

quantum programming- binary programming

bricks and clicks

outsourcing – insourcing

commuting – telecommuting

3D printing – 4D printing

cutting edge – bleeding edge

R & D (research and development)

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for:

1. life-hacking

2. nanotechnology

3. cloud computing

4. beta testing

5. biometrics

6. a fool-proof device

7. open source

Activity 11. Give examples of the devices which may be called:

1. multi-purpose

2. multi-mode

3. multi-user

4. multi-functional

5. multi-media

6. fault-tolerant

7. ad hoc

Activity 12. Outline the major advantages of:

1. channel integration

2. biometric identification

3. cloud storage

4. cobotic devices

5. asynchronous computing

6. beta testing

7. optical character recognition

Activity 13. Do a mini-research and briefly characterize:

1. Knowledge economy

2. Quantum programming

3. Real-time technology

4. Bricks and clicks practices

Activity 14. Semantic mapping: Draw a diagram reflecting major breakthroughs and latest innovation trends in ICT development.

Activity 15. Analyze your computer experience and identify the areas in which it lags behind the best practices in the industry.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “bricks - clicks”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) contrast d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “robot - cobot”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

3

Which of these are equivalents?

a) biometrics – fingerprint b) biometrics – eye retina c) biometrics – biometry d) biometrics - face pattern

4

Which of these relates to a method of project management that is characterized by sequential stages and a fixed plan of work:

a) waterfall b) flexible c) agile d) ad hoc

5

The practice of using an organization’s own personnel or other resources to accomplish a task is referred to as ___ .

a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing

6

The use of an original source code in software engineering which is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified is referred to ___.

a) outsourcing b) insourcing c) sourcing d) open sourcing

7

Additive manufacturing that prints objects capable of transformation and, in some cases, of self-assembly is known as ___ D printing.

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

8

This program is very well designed and totally ___proof.

a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet

9

This car has ___ proof windows. a) water b) bug c) fool d) bullet

10

The supposed ability to move objects at a distance by mental power or other non-physical means is known as tele___ .

a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing

11

Promotion of goods or services by means of telephone calls, typically unsolicited, to potential customers is known as tele-___ .

a) kinesis b) commuting c) communication d) marketing

12

Mark the odd word:

a) cutting-edge b) state-of-the-art c) adhocracy d) leading edge

13

The property that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of the breakdown of some of its components is called failure__.

a) tolerant b) tolerance c) toleration d) tolerantly

14

Any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and efficiency, solves an everyday problem in an inspired, ingenious manner is called (a/n) ___.

a) breakthrough b) life hacker c) innovation d) best practice

15

The video went ___ and was seen by millions.

a) virus b) viral c) virtual d) virtuous

16

Mark the odd word: a) enhance b) augment c) amplify d) modify

17

A strategy of using software to control multiple servers to provide fault-tolerant systems, quicker responses and more capable data management for large networks is known as application ___.

a) clustering b) integration c) outsourcing d) amplification

18

The second (pre-release) phase of software testing in which a sampling of the intended audience tries the product out and reports bugs back to the developers is called ____ test. a) alpha b) beta c) gamma d) delta

19

The nouns “control”, “access”, “terminal”, “location”, “area” collocate with the word ____. a) demote b) remote c) promote d) commote

20

Voice ___ is computer analysis of the human voice, especially for the purposes of interpreting words and phrases or identifying an individual voice. a) identification b) acknowledgement c) recognition d) perception


SPECIFIC PART

Module 10. PROGRAMMING

Term

Definition

Usage

Algorithm (n)

a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer

~ analysis/approach/design/theory/ validation/-based/-specific;

create/follow/build/fulfill an ~;

algorithmic (adj): a(n) ~ access/error/diagram/method/pattern/ technique/language;

algorithmization (n);

syn. method, pattern

Applet (n)

a very small application, especially a utility program performing one or more simple functions

a Java ~;

~ version/display area/viewer/virus;

download/set up/(un)install an ~

Array (n)

an impressive display or a range of a particular type of thing; a data structure that contains a group of elements of the same data type, such as an integer or a string

an ~ access/analysis/bound/chip/data/ component/element/segment;

build an ~; a sorted/structured ~;

arrayed (adj): ~ data;

syn. bunch, bundle, cluster

Assemble (v)

cause sb or sth to gather together for a common purpose; convert or translate programs written in the assembly code to the machine code

~ editing/mode; assembling (n): automatic/manual/line/machine/robot ~; assembled (adj): an ~ battery/diagram/product/

presentation; assembler (n): the ~ program/operator/language;

assembly (n): the ~ code/data/defect/error

/line/technique/unit;

syn. collect, gather

ant. dissemble

Binary (adj)

relating to, composed of, or involving two things; a system of numerical notation that has 2 rather than 10 digits as a base

a ~ code/system/array/cell/ compatibility/ digit/file/frequency/interval/mode/phase/ scale/signal/stream/switch;

~-coded/valued;

ant. decimal

Bug (n)

an unexpected problem with 

hardware or software

fix/identify/correct/track ~s;

identification/hole/tracking/fix/report/-free; debug (v): ~ a program; (de)bugging (n); buggy (adj): ~ software;

syn. error, flaw, defect

Code (n)

a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy; a text written in a particular programming language

(a/the) ~ area/chain/compression/error/ key/line/limitation/optimization/structure;

~-sensitive/sharing; coded (adj):

~ address/file/disc/image/signal/word/ information; source/ASCII/

pseudo ~;generate/program a ~;

encode (v): ~ a file/message; coding (n): ~ aids/cycle/ pattern; codify (v);

decode (v): ~ text/information;

syn. cypher, encrypt

ant. decypher, decrypt

Command (n)

an authoritative order; an instruction or a signal causing a computer to perform one of its basic functions

at someone’s ~; a word of ~;

(dis)obey a ~; a ~ bar/button/

delay/file/handler/ interface/key/line/

menu/mode/script/ sequence/switch/

system/unit; -driven; issue/run a ~;

command (v): ~ a large vocabulary;

commander (n): military/army ~;

syn. direction, order, instruction

Compile (v)

collect information in order to produce a list or a book; convert a program into a machine-code or lower-level form in which the program can be executed

~ a table/diagram/code;

(de)compiler (n): ~ bug/error/language/ option/program/writer; compiling (n): batch/incremental ~; compilation (n): ~ algorithm/process/time/unit;

syn. assemble, gather, compose

ant. decompile, decompose

Compose (v)

write or create a work of art, especially music or poetry; prepare a text, code for printing

~ a letter/text/graph/table; composed (adj): ~ component/distribution; composite (n): ~ analysis/error/structure/test/variable; composition (n): ~ of algorithms/functions /groups; compositional (adj): ~ core/ design/product/formula /programming;

composable (adj): ~ semantics/sequence; composability (n); syn. create

Compress (v)

flatten by pressure; alter the form of (data) so as to reduce the amount of storage necessary

a(n) file/document/image/video/code;

compressed (adj): ~ air/audio/data/ disc/gas/volume; compression (n): ~ area/buffer/coding/facility/force/

ratio/utility; compressor (n): ~ engineering/plant/system/unit;

compressible (adj); compressibility (n): ~ factor;

syn. squeeze, shrink;

ant. decompress

Compute (v)

reckon or calculate (a figure, value or amount) using mathematical formulas or methods

~ a number/figure/value/formula; computer(n): ~ access/addiction/ aids/algorithm/analyst/automation/

engineering/equipment/network/security/

skills/software/system/utility/vendor; ~-aided design/-assisted management/-based learning/-controlled robot/-generated hologram/-human interface/-integrated system/-managed instruction/-mediated communication/-oriented system; computability (n);

computable (adj); computation (n); computational (adj):

~ linguistics/power; computerize (v):

~ the country; computerized (adj): analysis/catalogue/file/image/ manufacturing/office/system/testing/tools; computing (n): ~ skills/ability/center; parallel ~; computerization (n): ~ of schools/universities;

syn. calculate, figure out

Cf. computerate = computer-literate, computerphile, computerphobia

Condition (n)

the state of sth with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order; a situation that must exist before sth else is possible or permitted

in good/bad/poor/certain ~; do sth (up)on ~ that; impose/set/stipulate/accept/ fulfill/meet/satisfy a ~; ~ of (in)dependence/ (in)stability; living/working/weather/ (un)favorable/difficult/international ~s; conditional (adj): ~ behavior/equation/ reflex/access; conditionally (adv); conditioned (adj): ~ air/gas/process/reflex;

conditioner (n): air ~;

syn. status, stipulation, prerequisite

Configure (v)

arrange or put together in a particular way; arrange or order (a computer system or an element of it) so as to fit it for a designated task

~ a computer/network/server;

configuration (n): hardware/basic/ desktop/(2)3-dimensional/error/port/ problem-solving/software ~;

configurable (adj): ~ code/hardware/ memory/processor; configurability (n): network ~; configured (adj): fully/software ~;

syn. construct, set up

ant. misconfigure

Default (n)

failure to fulfill an obligation, especially to repay a loan or appear in a law court;

a preselected option adopted by a computer program or another mechanism when no alternative is specified by the user or programmer

by/on ~; the ~ option/address/button/ color/context/interface/mode/ parameter/user/statement/value; defaulting (adj): ~ subscriber

Error (n)

the state or condition of being wrong in conduct or judgement; a mistake

~prone/check/code/correction/detection/ handling/tolerance/checking/control/-free; check/code/correct/detect/handle/ diagnose/indicate an ~; err (v); errorless (adj): ~ code/transmission; erroneous (adj);

syn. mistake, fault, flaw

Execute (v)

put a plan, order, or course of action into effect; carry out a sentence of death; carry out an instruction or a program

~ a cycle/packet/program/statement; executing (adj): ~ phase; execution (n): ~ address/error/failure/path/plan/sequence/

speed/time/unit; executive (adj): ~ branch/agreement/committee/council/ language/message/officer/program/

secretary/session/staff;

syn. accomplish, implement, perform, fulfill

Generate (v)

create; produce (a set or sequence of items) by performing specified mathematical or logical operations on an initial set

~ (a/n) heat/address/error/function/ sequence/variable; generated (adj): separably/inductively/freely/finitely ~; generator (n): gas/steam/code ~, ~ capacity; generation (n): ~ gap, ~ of sth;

generic (adj): ~ term/activity/class/ components/property/software/system;

syn. bring about, cause to appear

Integrate (v)

combine (one thing) with another to form a whole; find the integral of

~ sth with/into sth; ~ between A and B/by part/by a substitution; integration (n): economic/racial/close ~; ~ density/ domain/level/platform/problem/tools; integrator (n): system ~; integrity (n): data/system /network ~; integral (n): (in)definite ~; integral (adj): ~ part/value; integrated (adj): ~ analysis/approach/circuit/data/ database/device/environment/ equation/process/software; integrating (adj): ~ coefficient/mechanism; integrative (adj): ~ process;

syn. combine, consolidate,

ant. disintegrate

Cf. IDE (integrated development environment)_

Instruction (n)

a direction or order; a code in a program which defines and carries out an operation

give/follow/break ~s; ~ address/area/manual/window; basic/clear/complete/conditional/effective/entry/(in)direct/input/output ~;

(un)instruct (v): ~ users; instructional (adj): ~ advice/computing/software; instructive (adj), instructively (adv), instructiveness (n), instructor (n): programming ~, ~ in physics;

syn. direction, guidance

Language (n)

a method of human communication, either spoken or written; a system of symbols and rules for writing programs or algorithms

speak/understand/enrich/learn/master/use/compile from… into a ~; high-level/

low-level/machine/absolute/AI/

algorithmic/assembler/command/

foreign/functional/hardware/input/output/

mark-up/script/ source/symbolic/target;

~ barrier/compatibility/converter/ manual/model/selection/specification/

syntax/-specific machine

Loop (n)

a shape produced by a curve that bends round and crosses itself; a programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until or while a particular condition is satisfied

a continuous ~; in the ~; the ~ access/chain/circuit/link/network/ operation/system/technology/-free; looped (adj): ~ cycle/circuit/ link; looping (adj): ~ statement;

syn. circle, curve

Cf. loophole, loopline

Manual (n)

a book giving instructions or information; instructions for using a computer device or program;

a computer/program/reference/

teacher’s ~; manual (adj): ~ work/labor/adjustment backup/control/input/output/mode/ power/programming/scanner/switch/tool/

tracking/training/transmission/tuning/

update; manually (adv): ~ controlled/adjustable/operated/set;

syn. reference book, handbook, guidebook;

ant. automated

Maintain (v)

cause or enable a condition or situation to continue; correct faults, improve performance or other attributes, or adapt the product to a changed environment

~ a computer/program/equipment; maintenance (n): ~ services/aids/area/center/costs/handbook/manual; ~ of peace/stability/equipment; maintainable (adj): ~ equipment/item; maintainability (n): ~ analysis/control/ specifications/standard;

maintainer (n): software ~;

syn. control, keep, manage, support

Operate (v)

(of a person) control the functioning of a machine, process, or system; (of a machine, process, or system) function in a specified manner

~ (a) machine; operation (n): in ~, conduct/launch ~; operational (adj): ~ costs/mode/safety/error/database/ efficiency/risk; operator (n): computer/radar/radio ~; operated (adj): automatically/manually/remotely~; operating (adj): ~ system/capacity/ conditions/manual/mode/parameter/ policy/potential/speed/station/time

Patch (n)

a piece of cloth or other material used to mend or strengthen a torn or weak point; a small piece of code inserted into a program to improve its functioning or to correct a fault

modem/bug ~, ~ array/cable/line/ memory; patch (v): ~ clothes; patched (adj): ~ connection/ program; patcher (n); patchhole (n); patching (n): ~ tool/repair/material;

Cf. dispatch

Process (v)

take a series of actions or steps to achieve a particular end; perform a series of mechanical or chemical operations on sth in order to change or preserve it

~ automatically/manually; ~ operations/ code/instructions; process (n):

~ automation/control/cycle/design/ flowchart/installation/inspection/planning/state/unit; ~-bound/-driven/-centered/-flexible/-independent/-specific; launch/cancel a ~; processed (adj): ~ data/bit/speech; processing (n): automatic data/parallel ~,  ~ accuracy/algorithm/flaw/method/rate/

system/technology/tool;

syn. action, course, procedure

Procedure (n)

an established or official way of doing sth; a set of instructions for performing an operation within a program

(non)standard/established/built-in/ embedded ~, ~ flowchart/standard, launch/cancel a ~; procedural (adj); procedurally (adj);

syn. process

Cf. proceeding(s)

Program (v)

arrange according to a plan or schedule; provide (a computer or other machine) with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a particular task

~ in a language; ~ software/a computer/

a network; (re)program (v); program (n): ~ application/background/executable ~; ~ design/file/architecture/directory/error/ code/documentation/failure/interface/ specification/testing/unit/writer; ~ compatible/controlled/(in)dependent/-editing; design/launch/set up/(un)install/ issue/release a ~; programming (n): software ~, ~ aids/algorithm/cycle/error/ flowchart/language/method/pattern; programmed (adj): ~ channel/instruction/ learning/path; programmer (n): (un)skillful/(in)experienced ~; ~ manual/ rating/productivity/

slang; programmable (adj): ~ action/software/ switch/system/terminal

Prototype (n)

the first or preliminary version of a device or vehicle from which other forms are developed

develop/build/use/compare a ~; conceptual/evolutionary/hardware/paper/laboratory/pilot/procedure/production/ virtual ~; ~ declaration/device/language/ system; prototyping (adj): ~ aids/kit/modelling/ system; prototypal (adj); prototypic(al) (adj): ~ behavior;

syn. original, model, archetype

Recursion (n)

application of a repetitive procedure

iterative/mutual/self-/tail ~, the ~ code/ formula/method/scheme, avoid/program/ double/minimize ~; recursive (adj): the ~ function/procedure/call/algorithm/ equation/function/sequence/system; recursively (adv); recursiveness (n): relative ~;

syn. reversion, reiteration

Redundancy (n)

the state of being no longer needed or useful; the inclusion of extra components functioning in case of failure in other components

allocation/arrangement/assessment/bit/criterion/device/level/mechanism/rate/reduction/testing; ~ of information/ optimization; redundant (adj):

~ code/channel/equipment/system;

syn., excessive, superfluous

Reverse (v)

move backwards; go in or turn towards the direction opposite to that previously stated

~ roles/addresses; reverse (n): complete ~, in ~; reverse (adj): ~ calculation/channel/ circuit/flow/motion/ rotation; reversed (adj): ~ chain/arrow/compression/vector; reverser (n): polarity ~; reversibility (n): ~ coat/process; reversion (n): power ~, ~ facility/management; reversal (n): ~ failure/process/time; (ir)reversible (adj), (ir)reversibly;

syn. overturn

Script (n)

handwriting as distinct from print; an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order

write/compose/create a ~, the ~ file/engine/language;

syn. writing

Cf. scriptwriter

Test (n)

a short written or spoken examination of a person's proficiency or knowledge; a procedure intended to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of sth, especially before its widespread use

remote/proficiency ~; ~ center/ completion/condition/drive/ evaluation/ mode/sample/validation; perform/run/automate/complete/generate/ monitor a ~; test (v): ~ hardware/ software/a program; testing (n): routine/battery/compatibility ~, ~ for reliability; testability (n): check/design/ factor/requirement;

testable (adj): easily ~;

syn. check, inspection, examination

Thread (n)

a long, thin strand of fiber used in sewing or weaving; a group of thematically linked messages posted on an Internet forum; a programming structure or process formed by linking a number of separate elements

execution/multitasking/parent/mail/main ~; ~ group/ID; package ~;

thread (v): ~ a process; threaded (adj): a ~ file/list/socket; threader (n); threading (n): automatic ~,

~ block/tool;

syn. cord, string, fiber

Tool (n)

a device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to perform a particular function

a design/smart ~, a ~ adapter/adjustment/ bar/box/holder/kit; animation ~;

use/apply a ~;

syn. instrument, apparatus, device

Troubleshoot (n)

analyze and solve serious problems for a company or other organization; trace and correct faults in a mechanical or electronic system

errors/flaws/conflicts; troubleshooter (n); troubleshooting (n): ~ aid/code/costs/ guide/flowchart/process/program/service/tips/unit;

syn. debugging, diagnostics, correction

Value (n)

the importance, worth, or usefulness of sth; the numerical amount denoted by an algebraic term; a magnitude, quantity, or number

absolute/actual/average/default/input/hexadecimal/initial/null/output/

return/variable ~,

~ function/list/parameter; (in)valuable (adj); ant. valueless; evaluation (n): insurance/performance/full-scale ~, ~ approach/parameter;

evaluator (n);

syn. amount, significance

Cf. value-added tax

Variable (n)

sth not consistent or having a fixed pattern; liable to change; an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change

set/calculate/register/(re)name a ~;

a floating point/binary/class/ (in)dependent/ integer/key/loop/reference ~; variable (adj); variably (adv); variability (n): ~ of choice, ~ chart/error/index/interval/ratio;

ant. invariable

1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press Inc. – 2010.

2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press. – 2010.

3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. – 8-е изд., исп. и доп. Mасловский Е.К. – 2008.

4. Англо-русский толковый словарь по вычислительной технике, Интернету и программированию (6-е изд., исп. и доп.). – Э.М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий – 2011.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. maintain

2. bug

3. tool

4. command

5. condition

6. execute

7. manual

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. binary

2. compile

3. variable

4. assemble

5. code

6. compress

7 integrate

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

composed

compute

error

generatively

instructional

reversely

testability

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

applet

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

array

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

thread

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a script

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

procedure

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

default

Target vocabulary unit

Adjective

process-

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. loop

A. a very small application, especially a utility program performing one or a few simple functions

2. troubleshoot

B. a book giving instructions or information; instructions for using a computer device or program

3. value

C. the numerical amount denoted by an algebraic term

4. algorithm

D. a programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until or while a particular condition is satisfied

5. applet

E. trace and correct faults in a mechanical or electronic system

6. manual

F. a group of linked messages posted on an Internet forum that share a common subject or theme

7. thread

G. a list of instructions, procedures, or formulas used to solve a problem

Activity 6. Place the following words in the columns according to the prefix used to form a negative counterpart:

dependent, crypt, instruct, patch, configure, bug, skillful, experienced, code, install, construct, stability, integrate, efficiency, compress, compatibility, compile

in-

de-

un-

mis-

dis-

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. troubleshooting - debugging

A. general and specific

2. process – thread

B. cause and effect

3. error-bug

C. contrast

4. code – ASCII

D. equivalence

5. command - computation

E. part and whole

6. prototype – duplicate

F. method and purpose

7.variable – invariable

Activity 8. Decode John Romero’s saying about programming and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. binary system decimal system

2. program – applet

3. value – variable

4. calculate – compute

5. assemble – configure

6. compose – compile

7. loop – recursion

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for. Give examples:

1. applet

2. command

3. compiler

4. manual

5. prototype

6. script

7. toolbar

Activity 11. Name at least 7 popular tools (buttons) situated on almost every application software toolbar.

Activity 12. Describe the functions of utilities patched into a PC operating system.

Activity 13. Give examples of popular compression utilities, comment on their purposes and mechanisms (text, video and audio compression utilities).

Activity 14. Do a mini-research and briefly characterize the following programming languages in terms of their popularity, complexity and applicability.

1. C++

2. Java

3. HTML

4. Visual Basic

5. Python

6. Ruby

Activity 15. Write a paragraph about the applets you have got in your PC and smart phone right now. Briefly describe some of their functions.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “troubleshooting - debugging”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “prototype - duplicate”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) contrast

3

All of these are synonymous to the word “bug” EXCEPT FOR:

a) failure b) error c) flow d) flaw

4

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “error - bug”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole

5

A very small application, especially a utility program performing one or a few simple functions is known as (a/n) ___. a) applet b) utility d) adware d) tool

6

A list of instructions, procedures, or formulas used to solve a problem is known as a(n) ___. a) scheme b) schedule d) plan d) algorithm

7

Choose the correct prefix for the word ‘compatibility’:

a) dis- b) un- c) de- d) in-

8

The report was published in the conference ___.

a) process b) procedure c) proceedings d) proceeding

9

______ is a device used to perform a particular function.

a) Algorithm b) Tool c) Procedure d) Command

10

A ______ is a series of actions or operations viewed as discrete steps.

a) process b) procedure c) proceeding d) proceedings

11

All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR:

a) prototype b) copy c) counterpart d) duplicate

12

All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR:

a) integrate b) combine c) consolidate d) configure

13

Mark the odd word: a) computer b) computability c) computation d) computerized

14

This experimental technology is still error-___.

a) tolerant b) prone c) free d) detected

15

Copy, paste, cut and bold are examples of ___.

a) tools b) widgets c) menus d) codes

16

All of these collocate with the noun “default” EXCEPT FOR:

a) option b) mode c) parameter d) alternative

17

Computer-___ communication is getting more and more widely spread.

a) generated b) managed c) integrated d) mediated

18

Choose the correct prefix for the word ‘configure’: a) mis- b) un- c) de- d) in-

19

All of these are examples of utilities except for:

a) compression b) disc defragmentation c) encryption d) documentation

20

All of these are examples of application programs EXCEPT FOR: a) compression software b) spreadsheet software c) entertainment software d) documentation software


Module 11. NETWORKS

Term

Definition

Usage

Address (n)

the place where a person or organization can be found or communicated with; a numerical designation that uniquely refers to a specific communication entity

~ mapping/mask/resolution/

space; MAC/IP/destination/

source/hardware/physical/global ~; address (v): ~ a letter; addressee (n);

addressed (adj): an ~ call;

addressable (adj): ~ memory/area/ storage; addressing (n): absolute/abbreviated ~;

readdress (v); unaddress (v)

Allocate (v)

assign available resources to various uses

~ memory/space/resources/

funds; allocation (n): budget ~s; allocated (adj);

syn. assign, allot, distribute

Backbone (n)

the column of bones in the back which sustains and gives firmness to the frame; the spine;

a central network that provides a pathway for other networks to communicate

the ~ of sth; the city/country/system ~; ~ access/area/bus/cable/capacity;

provide/constitute a ~;

transmit via/lay a ~

Bandwidth (n)

a data transfer capacity or data rate measured in bits

~ allocation/capacity/assignment; widen/reduce/provide a high ~;

a ~ of 450 MHz;

syn. frequency range

Bridge (n)

a wooden, stone, brick, or iron structure erected over a river or railroad to make a passageway from one side to the other;

a device that limits traffic between two network segments by filtering the data between them based on hardware addresses

~ forwarding/number;

build a ~ between sth and sth;

bridge (v): ~ a crack/gap/

telephone/digital divide

Broadcast (n)

an information transmission to all entities capable of receiving it

television/radio/live/news ~;

~ address/port/net;

broadcasting (n), broadcast (v);

syn. transmission

Cable (n)

an insulated wire or wires having a protective  casing and used for transmitting electricity or telecommunication 

signals

coaxial/fiber-optic ~; ~ access/ adapter/address/adjustment;

(dis)connect/lay a ~;

cable (adj): ~ connection;

syn. cord, wire

Channel (n)

a communication path

~ access/abandonment/

bandwidth;

transmit data/packets over a ~; channelization (n);

syn. pathway, tunnel, route

Collision (n)

an event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other for a relatively short time

~ line/avoidance/detection;

data/memory ~; avoid/minimize ~; collide (v); collider (n);

syn. bump, crash

Connect (v)

set a link between two (or more) devices

~ a bus/cable/call/consumer;

~ to the Internet/network;

connectivity (n): hot ~;

connected (adj), connector (n), connection (n): provide/support/break a ~ ;

syn. hook up, join

ant. disconnect, disjoin

Dial-up (n)

connection using a modem via a telephone company network

~ line/modem/access/

connection; set up a ~ connection;

dial (v): ~ the number

Domain (n)

an area owned or controlled by a particular ruler or government, a specified sphere of activity or knowledge; a distinct subset of the Internet with addresses sharing a common suffix or under the control of a particular organization or individual

~ record/name;

own/enter/register/promote a ~;

public ~;

Cf. DNS

Duplex (adj)

communication flowing in both directions simultaneously

~ transmission;

full/half ~

Echo (n)

a reflection of sound, coming some time after the sound per se; a network continuity test where packets are sent to a distant node that is obligated to immediately send the packets back

~ check/cancellation;

cloud/electric/talker/multiple ~;

spread/check/cancel ~;

echo (v): ~ a command/packet;

syn. imitation, reflection, repetition

Ethernet (n)

a standard way to connect computers on a network over a wired connection

~ provider/connection/bus/cable/

bridge/adapter/access/card; fast/gigabit/thin ~;

(dis)connect from/to the ~;

Flow (n)

steady and continuous movement (of a liquid, gas, or electricity) in a current or stream; movement of packets or data from a source to a destination

work/data /traffic/gas ~; ~ control/sheet; ~ of (the) refugees/current/program;

control/restrict/stop a ~;

flow (v);

syn. movement, stream

Forward (v)

send (a letter or email) on to a further destination; send a frame toward its ultimate destination via an internet-connected device

~ a packet/data/message;

forward (adj): ~ error correction;

forwarding (n): packet ~;

forwarded (adj); reforward (adj);

ant. block

Framework (n)

a structure for supporting sth, especially a skeletal support for a construction; a standard network structure

architecture/adaptability/application/ logical ~; ~ -oriented design/class; under/within the ~ of sth; legal/practical/broad/supporting ~;

build up/set up a ~;

syn. plan, scheme, structure

Frequency (n)

the number of occurrences of a repeated event per unit of time, esp. in measuring the speed or the rate of sound, radio and light waves

(light, sound) wave/processor/natural/ negative/normalized ~; ~ range/converter/deviation/

distribution/spectrum;

control ~; (in)frequent (adj): ~ replication/changes;

frequently (adv): a ~ occurring mistake; frequenter (n);

syn. density, recurrence

ant. infrequency

Hub (n)

the effective center of an activity, region, or network; a central Ethernet-based connection

e-mail/Ethernet/USB ~; (dis)connect a ~; hub (v): ~ a computer/devices on a network;

syn. center, nucleus, kernel

Hotspot (n)

a Wi-Fi network access point or area

~ connection/controller;

airport/railway station/mobile ~;

find/(dis)connect to (from) a ~; place/(re)locate/give access to a ~

Host (n)

one who receives guests in a social or official capacity; a computer that acts as a server for other computers on a network

act as a ~; play ~ to sth; a ~ of sth;

~ address/ number/node; host (v): ~ a conference/meeting/ event;

syn. mother computer, Internet node;

ant. guest, visitor

Latency (n)

the state of existing but not yet being developed or manifest; the time interval between initiating a process, and receiving the results; the time required for a computer on a network to respond to a request

~ period/mode/optimization/of recovery; network ~; suffer from ~;

syn. delay, access time, response time

Layer (n)

a single thickness of a material covering a surface or forming an overlying part;

a group of communication functions and the protocols implemented therein

a thick/thin/insulating/ozone ~ ;

a ~ of dust; create/change/remove/ place in a ~; cover sth with a ~ of sth; ~ address/mode/optimization; internet/memory/upper/physical/transport/user/application ~;

syn. stratum

Cf. Secure Sockets Layer

Network (n)

a group or system of interconnected people or things; a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another allowing for data to be shared and used

a ~ of institutions/organizations/ professionals; a(n) dedicated/corporate/ cable television/dial up/in-house/ local/wireless/Internet/intra/extra/ bot/local/optical/communication/ enterprise/free/radio  ~;

(a) ~ adapter/address/administrator/architecture/interface/layer/

management/devices;

connect to/penetrate into/hack a ~;

syn. structure, system

Cf. LAN, WAN, WLAN

Noise (n)

sound of any kind;

disturbance that interferes with data transmission and corrupts the quality of the signal 

a video signal/random/short/ spontaneous ~; a ~ filter/source;

make/produce/block/remove/

get rid of ~;

noisy (adj), noisily (adv);

ant. silence

Packet (n)

a paper or cardboard container, typically one in which goods are sold; a small amount of computer data sent over a network

a ~ of crisps/sugar/tea/flour; ~ flow/access/address/analysis/

sniffer/corruption; single/data/ request/corrupted ~;

send/readdress/trace a ~;

syn. datagram

Protocol (n)

the accepted or established code of procedure or behavior in any group, organization, or situation; a standard set of rules used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer network

communications/network/transport/

interface/Internet ~; the established ~; conform to/follow/infringe on a ~;

Cf. http, https, VOIP,

TCP/IP, FTP 

Receiver (n)

a person who gets or accepts sth that has been sent or given to them; a piece of radio or television apparatus that detects broadcast signals and converts them into a visible or audible form

pick up a ~; the ~ account;

a satellite/radio /television/call ~; receive (v): ~ a call/message/signal; reception (n), recipient (n);

syn. get

ant. transmit, send

Cf. accept

Route (n)

an established line of travel or access; the path a network packet takes to reach its destination

a scenic/railway/train ~; close/take/change/choose/

send over a ~; alternate/default/direct/

main ~; route (v): ~ a cable/signal/message;

router (n); routing (n); routed (adj);

syn. direction, itinerary, track, trail

Server (n)

computer that provides data to other computers

~ adapter/address/administration/application/architecture;

file/web/network/print ~; program/build/maintain/

administer a ~;

syn. host computer

ant. client, slave

Session (n)

a period devoted to a particular activity; an on-going relationship between two computers involving the allocation of resources and a sustained data flow

a(n) training/induction/ parliamentary/

editing/user ~; set/conduct/

attend/organize/cancel a ~;

charge per ~; chair a ~;

syn. conference, period

Signal (n)

a gesture, action, or sound that is used to convey information or instructions; an electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or received

transmit/send/restrict/clear a ~;

analog/digital/light/discrete/traffic ~; ~ speed/flare/adapter; a ~ to stop/

turn right; signal (v);

signaling (adj)

Switch (n)

a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit; a unit used to network multiple computers together

multiple/backbone/optical/

packet/manual ~; switch (v): ~ on/off;

switching (n): packet ~

Telephony (n)

the working or use of telephones; a technology that enables a user to receive and make calls through their computer

~ communication/application/ control/board/backbone; IP ~;

radio/voice/wireless ~;

telephone (n, v);

syn. transmission, call

Telecommunication (n)

the process of transmitting data electronically over any communications line

~ access/bandwidth/path/route/ channel/satellite; commercial/industrial/land/cellular ~; send/intercept ~;

telecommute (v)

Terminal (n)

the end of a railway or other transport route, or a station at such a point; a simple device with a monitor and a keyboard, at which data can be entered into or retrieved from a network

bus/ferry/airport ~; network/idle/ virtual/teller/office ~;

program/access/disable/build/

adjust a ~; terminate (v): ~ a process/action;

syn. station

Cf. hub

Transmit (v)

cause sth to pass on from one person or place to another; send packets of data across a network

~ a message/signal; transmission (n): ~ path/route/cable, one way/parallel/ serial/optical/voice/packet ~;

transmitter (n);

syn. disseminate, transfer,

pass on

ant. receive

Topology (v)

the physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers are connected

bus/ring/tree/star/network/

system ~; build/configure a ~;

topological (adj):

~ analysis/function/approach

Wireless (adj)

a system that provides communication without the use of wires

~ access/control/microphone/

connection;

syn. Wi-Fi, mobile, cellular

ant. wired, cable, landline

1. New Oxford American Dictionary, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press Inc. – 2010.

2. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd Edition. – Oxford University Press. – 2010.

3. Англо-русский словарь по вычислительной технике и программированию. – 8-е изд., исп. и доп. Mасловский Е.К. – 2008.

4. Англо-русский толковый словарь по вычислительной технике, Интернету и программированию (6-е изд., исп. и доп.). – Э.М. Пройдаков, Л. А. Теплицкий – 2011.

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. allocate

2. bandwidth

3. cable

4. channel

5. framework

6. session

7. hub

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. connect

2. receiver

3. frequency

4. noise

5. server

6. transmit

7. wireless

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

forwarding

transmit

collided

connectedly

frequent

address

-

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

broadcast

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a hotspot

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

packet

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

layer

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a terminal

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

network

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

telecommunication

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. domain

A. communication flowing in both directions simultaneously

2. duplex

B. a unit used to network multiple computers together

3. echo

C. a group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules

4. flow

D. a computer that acts as a server for other computers on a network

5. host

E. movement of packets or data from a source to a destination

6. switch

F. a technology that enables a user to receive and make calls through their computer

7. telephony

G. the physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers are connected

8. topology

H. a network continuity test where packets are sent to a distant node that is obligated to immediately send the packets back

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Logical relationship

1. hotspot – wireless connection

A. general and specific

2. LAN – WAN

B. cause and effect

3. route – itinerary

C. contrast

4. host – guest

D. equivalence

5. dial-up connection – long response time

E. part and whole

6. address – MAC address

F. method and purpose

7. cable - wire

Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s saying about the Web and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildCryptogram.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. LAN – WAN - WLAN

2. full-duplex – half-duplex

3. DNS - provider

4. bridge - hub

5. switch - hub

6. server – host

7. hook up – connect

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for:

1. backbone

2. bridge

3. DNS

4. hub

5. hotspot

6. SSL

7. topology

Activity 11. Do a mini-research and explain the difference between types of network topology. Which type of topology is the most popular? Why?

Activity 12. Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of:

Connection

Advantages

Disadvantages

1. wired connection

2. wireless connection

3. satellite connection

4. backbone connection

5. dial-up connection

6. mobile connection

Activity 13. Name at least 3 popular domains of the 1st and 2nd level.

Activity 14. Give definition of the Internet protocol. Say what the following types of protocols are used for:

Activity 15. Do a mini-research and characterize different types of cables. Say where and when they are used.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between “dial-up connection” and “long response time”: a) general – specific b) cause and effect c) part – whole

d) equivalence

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “LAN - WAN”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

3

What is the logical relationship between “modem” and “Internet connection”: a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole

d) equivalence

4

All of these are synonymous to the word “latency” EXCEPT FOR:

a) response time b) delay c) access time d) period

5

A unit used to network multiple computers together is known as a ___.

a) duplex b) bridge c) switch d) link

6

The physical configuration of a network that determines how the network computers are connected is known as ___.

a) topology b) protocol c) backbone d) duplex

7

Star, bus and tree are examples of ___.

a) protocols b) network topology c) domains d) transmission

8

A standard set of rules used to define a method of exchanging data over a computer network is known as ___: a) protocol b) framework c) topology d) domain

9

A group of computers that can be accessed and administered with a common set of rules is known as ___: a) domain b) topology c) network

d) backbone

10

All of these collocate with the adjective “broadcast” EXCEPT FOR:

a) news b) media c) TV d) duplex

11

All of these collocate with the noun “terminal” EXCEPT FOR:

a) enable b) infringe c) adjust d) access

12

All of these collocate with the noun “network” EXCEPT FOR:

a) dedicated b) private c) dial-up d) corporate

13

A big amount of data is quickly transmitted ____ a backbone.

a) across b) inside c) via d) along

14

Please, pick ___ the receiver. a) with b) in c) up d) on

15

It is almost impossible to get rid ___ noise in the network.

a) from b) with c) of d) on

16

The leaflets were ___ in the city streets.

a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned

17

Such students will be ___ a special task for the summer.

a) distributed b) allocated c) allotted d) assigned

18

Mark the odd word: a) addressable b) addressing c) addressed d) address

19

Mark the odd word: a) protocol b) framework c) scheme d) structure

20

All of these are synonymous to the word “channel” EXCEPT FOR:

a) pathway b) tunnel c) route d) road


Module 12. DATA STORAGE

Term

Definition

Usage

Access (v)

the means or opportunity to approach or enter a place

~ mode/provider/time/code; direct/easy/memory ~; ~ to sth; block/deny/provide/have/gain ~;

access (v): ~ sth via/from sth;

(in)accessible (adj), (in)accessibility (n)

Archive (n)

a collection of data objects, perhaps with associated metadata, in a storage system whose primary purpose is its long-term preservation and retention

local/national/official/personal/ private ~; keep/store/put/save in an ~; archival (adj): ~ research/paper/ design/information/ footage/ document; archive (v):

~ a(n) message/item/project

Array (n)

an indexed set of related elements, an ordered arrangement of data (numbers, symbols, etc.) organized in rows and columns

broad/diverse/extensive/huge/disk/ ragged/processor ~;

hold/show/generate an ~ of sth;

arrayed (v): ~ elements/panels/ numbers

syn. arrangement, assortment

Backup (n)

a copy of the digital data to be stored and used as a replacement in case the main copy is either deleted or corrupted

provide/store/replace/need/make a ~;

a ~ copy; backup (v):

~ (a) file/data/hard disk/internal memory/system

Bit (n)

the smallest unit of information that can be stored in a computer

~ map/pad/error/rate/depth/bucket

Blu-ray (n)

a DVD format designed for the storage of high-definition video and data

~ disc/movie;

available/video games on ~

Buffer (n)

a temporary memory for data, normally used to accommodate the difference in the rate at which two devices can handle data during a transfer

use sth as a ~; a ~ against

~ overflow/register;

buffering (n)

Byte (n)

the amount of memory space needed to store one character, which is normally 8 bits

~ span/order/code;

kilo/mega/giga/tera~;

Capacity (n)

the maximum amount that sth can contain

high/large/seating ~; be filled/packed to ~; enlarge ~; at full ~; in the ~ of a programmer

ant. incapacity

Cache (v)

store away in hiding or for future use

~ memory/controller; data/external/ workspace/secondary ~; cacheing/caching (adj); cached (adj);

cacheable (adj): ~ web services/data;

syn. store, hide

CD (acr)

Compact disc

a small round piece of hard plastic with sound recorded on it or computer information stored on it

~ player/coaster;

save to a ~; copy from/to a ~

Compress (v)

minimize the space required for storage or transmittal of sth

~ data/file/audio/graphics/movie;

compressibility (n), compression (n), compressible (adj), compressed (adj);

ant. decompress

Convert (v)

change the form, character, or function of sth; change media or recording type from one format to another

~ from/to; ~ (n)file/document/image/ audio; convertible (adj): ~ disk/security/version/car;

convertibility (n), conversion (n);

syn. change

Data (n)

facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis; information in a form that a computer can use

~ abstraction/acquisition/bus/ integrity/link/mining/network/ reduction/retrieval/storage; meta/primary/raw ~; manipulate/capture/compress/ contain/enter/file/manipulate/collect/retrieve/store ~;

Big ~ feed/technology/analysis;

Cf. Big Data, DBMS

Download (v)

transfer information from a server/remote computer system to the users

~ data/file/attachment/program/ information/video/ record/software; downloader (n); downloadable (adj): ~ font/character/format/toolbar/ software; reload (v) unload (v);

ant. upload

Erase (v)

rub out or remove previously written data

~ completely/virtually/partially from; ~ a document /file/data/command/ information/link/image;

erasure (n), (un)erasable (adj): ~ ink/memory/chip/ drive; eraser (n);

syn. delete

Extend (v)

make larger; increase the portion of available storage space

~ from/to/over sth; ~ the time/period/area;

extension (n): ~ agent/wire/cord;

extendable (adj), extensibility (n);

syn. expand;

File (n)

a collection of data, programs, etc. stored in a computer's memory under a single identifying name

a(n) computer/extension/ (un)readable/personal/command/ configuration/index/text ~; ~ format/ integrity/ manager/name/protection/ system/transfer/viewer/server/; delete/restore/create a ~ ;

filer (n), filing (n)

Flash (n)

a sudden brief burst of bright light; a sudden, brief or repeated display of information on a TV or computer screen

~ card/memory/drive; electronic ~;

in a ~; flashing (adj): a ~ signal/rate; flashlight

Format (n)

a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data

large/small/standard ~;

compress/develop/accept/delete/save a(the) ~; (re)format (v): ~ a file/disk/USB/computer/hard drive;

formatting (n), (re)formatted (adj)

Fragment (n)

an isolated or incomplete part of sth

fix/restore/repair/restriction/recover a ~ of sth; fragmentary (adj); (de)fragmentation (n) : ~ level; a task/policy/file ~ ; defragmenter (n): database ~;

ant. defragment

Keyword (n)

a word used to classify or organize digital content, or to facilitate an online search for information

access/identify/add/file/enter/type/ use a ~ ;

a ~ combination/search/directory

Library (n)

a collection of computer software that someone can buy or borrow

use/be available at/have access to a ~; search/scan/show/create a ~;

~ loader; program/subroutine ~;

librarian (n)

syn. archive

Memory (n)

the part of a computer in which data or program instructions are stored for retrieval

~ card/cycle/chip/guard/map/ protection/stick;

internal/external/main/immediate/ read-only/computer/virtual ~; restore/lose/recover ~

Overwrite (v)

get rid of information in a computer file by replacing it with other information

~ a file/database/text/character;

overwritten (adj), overwriting (n)

Page (n)

a section of memory that is accessible at one time

web/home/current/full ~;

create/update/generate/design a web ~; paging (n)

Preserve (v)

keep sth intact or prevent it from being damaged or destroyed

~ data/privacy/identity/evidence/ integrity/policy/system; preservation (n);

syn. save, keep;

ant. destroy

Query (n)

a user's formal request for information, usually to a database or search engine

boolean/database/personal/specific/search ~; ~ language/ processor/operation;

have/deal with/send/make a ~;

Cf. SQL

Record (n)

a number of related items of information which are handled as a unit

keep/track/save/manage/add/ database ~;

recorded (adj), recordable (adj): ~ CD/DVD/variable/system/document

Recover (v)

the process by which databases are rebuilt after a system fails

~ (a) data/document/file/function/ memory/time/damage; recoverer (n), (ir)recoverable (adj);

syn. restore

Register (v)

enter in or record on an official list or directory

~ a(n) account/status/user/complaint/ concern/copyright/equipment/ change; registered (adj);

register (n): remove sb from /enter in the ~; registration (n), registry (n), registrable (adj)

Restore (v)

retrieve information that was lost from a hard disk to its former condition

~ data/information/program/account/ window/button/file/order/ directory/drive; restored (adj), restorable (adj), restoration (n);

syn. recover

Restrict (v)

limit the access of a user to confidential or sensitive data available under secure conditions

~ access/connection/user/payment/ time/procedure;

~ oneself; restriction (n), (un)restricted (adj);

syn. limit

Retention (n)

the continued possession, use, or control of sth; the amount of time, in days, that inactive backed-up or archived files are kept in the storage pool before they are deleted

data/e-mail/record/information ~;

~ rate/level/position/period/policy;

retentive (adj), retain (v)

syn. preservation

Retrieve (v)

copy archived information from the storage pool to the workstation for use

~ information/data/file/change/ possession/memory/content/ document/item/record; ~ sth from sth; retrieval (n): information ~; (ir)retrievable (adj), (ir)retrievability (n)

Store (v)

collect and put sth into one location for future use

~ a file/information/message/text/ document; ~ carefully/properly/safely; storage (n): media/cloud/tiered/real/ nonvolatile/fixed/centralized ~; off(on)-line ~; ~ capacity; storable (adj), stored (adj)

Subscribe (v)

arrange to receive sth (e.g. a publication), regularly by paying in advance; arrange for access to an electronic mailing list or online service

~ to a(an) magazine/newspaper/ journal/channel/Internet service; subscription (n), subscriber, subscribable (adj);

ant. unsubscribe

Track (v)

follow the development or progress of sth

~ changes/routes; data/fast/

right/diplomatic ~; on ~; keep ~ of sth; ~ changes/record/

error/gauge; tracker (n), trackable (adj), tracking (v)

Upload (v)

transfer information from a users’ system to a remote system server

~ data/a document/a file/an archive

uploaded (adj)

ant. download

WORM (acr) Write Once Read Many

any storage medium that allows a computer to save information once

a ~ device/option/ disc

1) Oxford reference. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxfordreference.com [Accessed: 12 Oct. 2015]

2) Oxford dictionaries. Oxford University press. [Online]. Available: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]

3) Word reference. [Online]. Available: http://www.wordreference.com [Accessed: 26 Sept. 2015]

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. erase

2. format

3. retention

4. preserve

5. archive

6. backup

7. cache

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. subscribe

2. fragment

3. compress

4. upload

5. capacity

6. preserve

7. compress

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

record

store

archive

compressible

subscribe

retentive

accessibly

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

upload

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a file

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

memory

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

preserve

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

retrieve

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. data

A. a user's request for information, generally as a formal request to a database or search engine

2. track

B. follow the development or progress of something

3. WORM

C. store away in hiding or for future use

4. cache

D. information in a form that a computer can use only; specific facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

5. query

E. any storage medium that allows a computer to save information once

6. format

F. a collection of computer software that someone can buy or borrow

7. library

G. a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1. The hall is packed __ capacity.

2. The enormous range of music available ___ compact discs at considerably less than premium price is breathtaking.

3. Linux is seeking permission ___ commercial companies to publish an index of data held.

4. A 100 Mbps data bus is used to download video data ___ a single operation.

5. You don't have to switch on the computer, load the program and recall a file___ discs.

6. You can use a standard format to catalogue datasets ___ information retrieval.

7. The PCX format starts ___ a 128 byte header.

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. file – archive

A. general and specific

2. backup – mirror

B. cause and effect

3. download – upload

C. contrast

4. erase – loss of data

D. method and purpose

5. library – storage

E. part and whole

6. expand – reduce

F. equivalence

7. CD – CDR

Activity 8. Decode Charles Babbage’s saying and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. bit byte

2. subscribe purchase

3. cache store

4. retrieve restore

5. online storage external hard drives

6. CD Blu-ray

7. overwrite – erase

Activity 10. Say what the following is used for:

1. archive

2. backup

3. Blue-ray

4. CD

5. cache

6. storage

7. WORM

Activity 11. Say when and why the following is done:

1. digitization

2. faxing

3. refurbishment

4. optimization

5. swapping

6. configuration

7. restoration

Activity 12. Discuss the data storage devices you use, their advantages and disadvantages.

Activity 13. Arrange the following data in the descending order of priority and share the results with your partner(s).

e-mails music games photos documents applications movies/videos

Activity 14. Analyze in groups of 4 the data storage methods (cloud storage, CD/DVD, HDR, etc.) in terms of their pros and cons as the most appropriate way to keep the given entities:

How best to store them?

Pros

Cons

1. digital photos

2. books

3. music

4. passport

5. memories

Activity 15. Make a comparative analysis of the traditional and innovatory data storage methods. Make projections into the data storage perspectives in the future.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “retention - preservation”: a) general and specific b) contrast c) equivalence

d) part and whole

2

Which of these means “remove the previously written data”:

a) erase b) extend c) expand d) expose

3

A defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data is referred to as a ___. a) fragment b) library c) archive d) format

4

A collection of related data records stored in a computer memory is referred to as a___. a) document b) file c) archive d) page

5

All of these are synonymous to the verb “cache” EXCEPT FOR:

a) stash b) keep c) hide d) conceal

6

Which of these adjectives is WRONG:

a) cacheable b) convertible c) downloadable d) recoverable

7

A storage medium that cannot be rewritten is referred to as a ___.

a) WORM b) ROM c) DVD d) CD

8

Which of these means “cause to last longer”:

a) expand b) extend c) enlarge d) augment

9

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “data – archive”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

10

Which of these is synonymous to the word “recover”:

a) break b) damage c) restore d) destroy

11

The ___ mode, as its name suggests, erases existing text to the right of the cursor replacing it automatically with your alteration.

a) rewrite b) delete c) overwrite d) retrieve

12

The amount of memory space needed to store one character, which is normally 8 bits is referred to as ___. a) byte b) boot c) bot d) bite

13

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “download – upload”:  a) general and specific b) contrast c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

14

All of these collocate with the adjective “restricted” EXCEPT FOR:

a) access b) area c) password d) space

15

This videogame is available ___ Blu Ray. a) on b) to c) in d)at

16

The files are automatically compressed so they're small enough to send ____ e-mail.

a) for b) to c) via d) on

17

Which of these suffixes is used to form an antonym to the adjective “retrievable”:

a) un b) in c) ir d) non-

18

CD, DVD and Blue Ray differ in all of these EXCEPT FOR:

a) the method of information recording b) the volume of information they may store

c) the type of information they may store d) the number of layers they contain

19

Query and request differ in all of these EXCEPT FOR ____.

a) field of use b) degree of generality c) part of speech d) style

20

A unit of information equal to one million or, strictly, to 1,048,576 bytes, is called a ____byte. a) mega b) tera c) kilo d) bit


Module 13. RADIOELECTRONICS

Term

Definition

Usage

1

Acoustic (adj)

relating to sound or to the sense of hearing

~ guitar/technique/environment/ microscope/signal/sound/center/digitizer/effect/wave;

acoustics (n); acoustical (adj), acoustically (adv);

syn. auditory, audio, phonic

2

Amplitude (n)

the amount by which a voltage or current changes from zero or an average value; the maximum extent of vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium

~ modulation; magnetic/tidal ~;

~ of fluctuation/crime/wave; increase/vary in ~;

syn. extent, magnitude

Cf. attenuation

3

Antenna (n)

a device (such as a wire or a metal rod) for sending or receiving radio or television signals

radio/aerial/parabolic/suspended/rod/directional/powered/special ~; antennal (adj):

insertion/segment/gland; antennary (adj);

syn. sensor, receiver

4

Aperture (n)

a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the opening by which light enters a camera

~ card/plate/ratio/synthesis;

pit/relative/oval/wheel/set/ lens/window/circular/ ~;

apertural (adj): ~ margin/face/slit; apertured (adj);

syn. hole, opening

5

Attenuation (n)

the reduction of the amplitude of a signal, electric current, or other oscillation

~ constant/factor/switch/theory;

attenuate (v): ~ sound/light/signal/ frequency/emission/luminosity/

dissonance

syn. reduction, weakening

ant. increase, strengthening

6

Beacon (n)

a radio transmitter whose signal helps to locate the position of a ship, aircraft, or spacecraft

~ site/fire/tower/center/system;

radio/emergency ~; beacon-to-beacon;

beaconless (adj), un/beaconed (adj);

syn. beam, signal

7

Compass (n)

an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it

~ rose/point/error/direction/corrector/ course;

magnetic/azimuth/gyroscopic ~;

use/check/be guided by the ~

8

Coupling (n)

a device for connecting parts of machinery; an interaction between two electrical components by electromagnetic induction, electrostatic charge, or optical link

~ box/coefficient/rod; capacitive/

close/expansion/inductive/loose ~; couple (v): ~ with; couple (n);

coupled (adj)

syn. connection, joining

9

Cover (v)

put sth on top of or in front of sth in order to protect or conceal it

~ address/glass/paper/plate/story;

get under/pull up (back) ~;

cover (n): soft/hard ~;

coverless (adj); coverage (n), discovery (n), (dis)coverer (n),

(dis)coverable (adj),

(dis)covered (adj);

syn. screen, wrapping

ant. uncover

10

Damp (n)

slightly wet; progressively reduced amplitude of (an oscillation or vibration)

suffer from/check for ~;

damping (n): ~ ground; signal/amplitude/echo/noise ~; dampness (n), syn. moist, wet

ant. dry

11

Delay (v)

a situation in which sth happens later than it should

~ a meeting; delayed (adj): ~ release/occurrence/flight/

broadcast;

unduly/slightly/somewhat deliberately ~;

delay (n): constant/unexpected ~;

syn. suspend, postpone, put off

12

Density (n)

the quantity of people or things in a given area or space; degree of consistency measured by the quantity of mass per unit volume,

fluctuation/function; high/low/average/population/traffic/electron ~;

change/vary/increase/decrease/

calculate/measure the ~;

dense (adj): ~ mass/screen/ /cover/ network; densely (adv): ~ populated area

13

Disturb (v)

interfere with the normal arrangement or functioning of sth

~ (a/the) complacency/function/ process/ procedure/relationship/order;

disturbance (n): cause/create/

suffer/prevent/lead to/provoke ~;

(un)disturbed (adj), disturbing (adj) disturbingly (adv);

syn. distract, bother

14

Electron (n)

a very small particle of matter that has a negative charge of electricity and that travels around the nucleus of an atom

affinity/ballistics/cloud/

diffraction/multiplier/optics/tube/microscope/density/beam/transfer/wave/velocity;

electronic (adj): ~ edition/company/ timer/notebook/representation/media/handset/receipt/device/mail/system; electronics (n)

15

Emission (n)

the production and discharge of sth, especially gas or radiation

~ line; acoustic/electron/field/ photoelectric/secondary ~;

harmful/toxic/exhaust/vehicle/ industrial/atmospheric/acid/

carbon ~; cut/reduce ~;

emit (v): ~ sparks/beam/light; emittance (n);

syn. diffusion, discharge

16

Exposure (n)

the state of having no protection from sth harmful

hazard/index; instantaneous/excessive/low-level /long(short)-term ~;receive/suffer/increase/limit/minimize/ reduce/avoid ~;

expose (v): ~ completely/fully/briefly /suddenly; be ~ed to sth: ~ danger; exposed (adj);

syn. reveal, uncover

ant. conceal, cover

17

FM (abbr) Frequency Modulation

the modulation of a radio or other wave by variation of its frequency, especially to carry an audio signal

~ radio/network/system/station;

ant. AM (Amplitude modulation)

18

Intensity (n)

the measurable amount of a property, such as force, brightness, or a magnetic field

~ modulation/rate; ~ of light/radiation; gravitational/horizontal/magnetic/noise/sound ~ ; increase in/ decrease/reduce/ ~;

intense (adj): ~ atmosphere/area/pain /annoyance/reaction/competition; intensive (adj): ~ care; labor/capital-~; intensively (adv); intensified (adj);

syn. force

ant. ease, extensive

19

Level (n)

a height or distance from the ground or another stated or understood base; a position on a scale of amount, quantity, extent, or quality

~ off; unprecedented/wind/action/advanced/entry/ground ~;

achieve/reach/increase/raise/maintain/bring down/control/decrease/set the ~;

level (v), levelling (n);

syn. height

20

Locate (v)

discover the exact place or position of sth; place sth within a particular context

~ a(an/the) object/target;

(un)able/difficult to ~;

location (n): exact/precise/

specific/secret/undisclosed/

convenient/suitable/related ~; define a ~; locator (n), located (adj); relocate (v);

syn. find, place

ant. dislocate

21

Modulate (v)

vary the strength, tone, or pitch of sth

~ radio waves/a signal/one’s voice; module (n): command/rocket/satellite ~;

do/study/complete a ~; divide sth into ~s; individual/compulsory/optional ~;

modulate (v), modulator (n), modulation (n), modulatory (adj)

syn. change, vary, alter

22

Oscillate (v)

move or swing back and forth at a regular speed; vary in magnitude or position in a regular manner around a central point

~ back and forth/up and down; ~ with amplitude/wavelength; ~

oscillator (n), oscillation (n), oscillatory (adj): ~ motion/component/frequency;

syn. swing, vibrate, fluctuate

23

Period (n)

a length or portion of time; the time taken to complete one cycle of a regularly recurring phenomenon

within the ~ of…; short/long/extended/lengthy/prolonged ~; drift/fiscal/incubation/induction/

latent ~; periodicity (n), periodical (n) ~ publication/table/directory/

production/index;

syn. time span, term

24

Phase (n)

a distinct period or stage in a process of change or a part of the development of sth; the relationship in time between the successive states or cycles of an oscillating or repeating system (such as an alternating electric current, light or sound wave)

angle/converter/diagram/

distortion/ inverter; begin/enter/open/start a ~;

initial/primary/secondary/final/single /transition/temporary/crucial ~; ~ out sth; phasing (adj), phasal (adj),

phased (adj);

syn. stage

25

Radio (n)

the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of radio frequency, especially those carrying sound messages; the activity or industry of broadcasting sound programs to the public; an apparatus for receiving such programs

~ program/astronomy/balloon/ beacon/beam/bearing/compass/control/electrician/engineering/frequency/navigation/station/ message /signal/waves/ operator;

listen to/turn on (off)/tune in to/tune the ~; radiation (adj): emit/ /absorb/measure/monitor ~; expose sb to ~; ~ leakage/dose/level/exposure/ therapy; radiate (v), radiant (adj),

radar (n)

26

Ray (n)

the straight line in which light or other electromagnetic radiation travels to a given point; a beam of radiant energy (as light) of a small cross section

~ filter; emit/give off/send out/ expose sb(sth) to/block/filter out/protect/shield sb/sth from the ~; x- ~;

syn. beam

27

Reflect (v)

think deeply or carefully about sth; (of a surface or body) throw back (heat, light, or sound) without absorbing it

~ on sth; ~ clearly/directly/accurately;

pause to ~; reflection (n): catch/see/ give (sb)/provide ~;

syn. think, consider, mirror

28

Regulate (v)

control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly

~ the route/work/situation/solution /activity; ~ sth carefully/properly/ strictly; attempt/be designed/be intended to ~; regulations (n), regulatory (adj): ~ measure/legislation/ compliance/monitoring;

syn. control, manage, maintain, administer

29

Relay (v)

receive and pass on (information or a message); broadcast sth by passing signals received from elsewhere through a transmitting station

~ a signal/wave/message/data/selection

~;

syn. pass on, transmit, broadcast

ant. receive

30

Resist (v)

remain strong against the force or effect of sth

~ compression/changes;

be difficult/hard/(im-)possible to ~; ~ fiercely/firmly/resolutely/

strongly; resistance (n): ~ movement/pressure; (ir)resistible (adj); resistibility (n),

resistive (adj),

syn. oppose

ant. surrender, give in

31

Scatter (v)

throw in various random directions; deflect or diffuse (electromagnetic radiation or particles)

~ a bomb/diagram/light/wave/

beam; scatterer (n), scattered (adj), scattering (n);

syn. disperse, diffuse, deflect

32

Signal (n)

an event or statement that provides the impulse or occasion for sth specified to happen; an electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or received

box/failure/board/tower; automatic/alarm/danger/warning/non-verbal/semaphore ~;

interpret/read/see sth as a ~;

signal (v), signaling (n)

syn. sign

33

Stabilize (v)

make or become unlikely to change, fail, or decline

~ the situation/structure/position /relationship/price/economy/variable/output/currency; stability (n), stabilizer (n), (de)stabilization (n), (un)stable (adj), (un)stably (adv);

syn. maintain

ant. destabilize

34

Synchronize (v)

cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate

~ the sound/cycle/movement;

~ carefully/precisely;

(a)synchronous (adj), (a)synchronously (adv), (a)synchronization (n);

syn. harmonize, coordinate

35

Spectrum (n)

a characteristic series of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by a substance

analysis/diagram; absorption/atomic /broadcast/interference/molecular/noise/pure ~ ; cover the ~; spectral (adj): ~ analysis; spectrogram (n); spectrograph (n), spectroscope (n), spectroscopic (adj)

36

Terminate (v)

bring to an end

~ a(n) contract/operation/agreement /license /relationship/

engagement;

termination (n): ~ date; early/ premature/sudden ~; terminal (adj); terminator (n), terminating (adj), terminated (adj);

syn. stop, cease

ant. continue

37

Threshold (n)

a level, rate, or amount at which sth comes into effect; the maximum level of radiation or concentration of a substance considered to be acceptable or safe

level/value; absolute/differential ~;

have/reach/cross/exceed/set a ~;

toxic ~; threshold (v);

syn. verge

38

Tune (v)

adjust or adapt sth to a particular purpose or situation; adjust (a radio or television) so that it receives a broadcast clearly

~ in/for/to/up;

tuning (n): auto ~; tuned (adj); tuning (adj): ~ fork/range/tool; guitar/wavelength ~;

syn. adjust, adapt

39

Quantum (n)

the minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction

~ of light/energy; ~ computing/ computations/clock/theory/mechanics /oscillations; physical ~

40

Wave (n)

a gesture or signal made by moving one's hand to and fro; a ridge of water between two depressions in open water; a single curve in the course of this motion

analyzer/antenna/band/base/

equation/energy/filter/height/

length/mechanics/motion; emit/generate/deflect/ send ~s;

waved (adj), waving (n), wavelength (n): be on the same ~

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. aperture

2 .cover

3.delay

4. module

5. regulate

6. synchronize

7. terminate

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. attenuation

2. cover

3. damp

4. expose

5. resist

6. scatter

7. resistible

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

disturb

covered

intensity

modulate

reflection

terminative

stably

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. amplitude

A. an electrical impulse or radio wave transmitted or received

2. antenna

B. a broadcasting station or channel

3. aperture

C. the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation

4. compass

D. an instrument containing a magnetized pointer which shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it

5. emission

E. a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera

6. radio

F. a device (such as a wire or a metal rod) for sending or receiving radio or television signals

7. signal

G. the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

Activity 6. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. antenna – transceiver

A. general and specific

2. acoustic – visual

B. cause and effect

3. phase – stage

C. contrast

4. radio – antenna

D. method and purpose

5. radio modulation - FM

E. part and whole

6. vibration - waves

F. equivalence

7. tuning – clear sound

Activity 7. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

attenuation

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

beacon

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

acoustic

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

density

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

electron

Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. ray – signal

2. vibration – oscillation

3. attenuation – damping

4. electron – quantum

5. period – phase

6. FM - AM

Activity 10. Say what can be … and how:

1. damped

2. delayed

3. emitted

4. intensified

5. synchronized

6. reflected

7. tuned

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1. compass

2. beacon

3. antenna

4. radio

5. resistor

6. cover

7. stabilizer

Activity 12. Fill in the table reflecting the use of different compass types given below:

dry

liquid

bearing

Uses

Activity 13. Discuss the use of the term ‘quantum’ in mechanics, computing, physics, cryptography and electronics.

Activity 14. Draw a scheme showing how radio works.

Activity 15. Do a mini-research and prepare a short report about the contribution of different engineers such as Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi and Ferdinand Braun to the invention of radio.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “antenna - radio set-”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “radio modulation - FM”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) equivalence

3

All of these are synonymous to the word “aperture” EXCEPT FOR:

a) breach b) hole c) eyelid d) opening

4

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “vibration - waves”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole

5

The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium is known as ____. a) amplitude b) aperture d) attenuation d) oscillation

6

A very small particle of matter that has a negative charge of electricity and that travels around the nucleus of an atom is known as____.

a) electron b) quantum d) molecule d) signal

7

Travelers leaving the vehicles in Safari are exposed _____ danger.

a) to b) under c) for d) in

8

The software development project is divided ______ several modules.

a) into b) by c) on d) in

9

To ______ means to cause to occur or operate at the same time or rate.

a) synchronize b) stabilize c) regulate d) terminate a not b

10

Mark the odd word: a) intense b) intensity c) intensified d) intensive b not a

11

All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR:

a) synchronize b) harmonize c) coordinate d) terminate

12

All of these are antonyms to the word “attenuation” EXCEPT FOR:

a) increasing b) enlargement c) strengthening d) decreasing

13

Mark the odd word: a) terminated b) terminative c) terminating d) terminate

14

What does FM stand for? a) frequency modulation b) frequency module c) frequent modulation d) frequently modulation

15

FM and AM are examples of radio___. a) broadcast b) modulation c) phases d) tunes

16

All of these collocate with the noun “attenuation” EXCEPT FOR:

a) light b) sound c) frequency d) density

17

Fire, sea, tower are the types of : a) beacons b) beams c) rays d) compasses

18

Work with electronic equipment requires special protective screens to filter _____ the rays that might be optically harmful. a) from b) out c) through d) by b not a

19

Which of these is NOT a type of a compass: a) wet b) liquid c) bearing d) sun

20

All of these verbs collocate with the noun “density” EXCEPT FOR:

a) measure b) calculate c) vary d) cover


Module 14. TELECOMMUNICATION

Term

Definition

Usage

Cellular (adj)

relating to a system that uses radio waves instead of wires to send telephone signals

automation/cryptogram/glass/

phone/radio/operator/mechanism/level/standard/license/network; cell (n): stem ~s;

Cf. mobile

Beam (n)

a long and heavy piece of wood or metal that is used as a support in a building or ship; a line of energy, particles, etc., that cannot be seen; a ray of light

a ~ anchor/antenna/diameter/

divergence /light/pump/ tube/weapon;

a(n) angle/atom/back/balance ~;

direct/point/send/shine/play a ~;

beaming (n): a ~ light/smile/

face/employee;

syn. pole, ray, laser

Band (n)

any of several groups into which school pupils of the same age are divided on the basis of broadly similar ability; a group of musicians who play popular music, jazz, etc., often for dancing; a range of frequencies or wavelengths in a spectrum

~ aid/brake/elimination/rejection/

wheel; absorption/amateur/

balancing/UHF ~; be in/ play in/sing in/fall into/form/join a ~; band (v): be ~ ed into a group/according to sth;

syn. group

Bear (v)

hold up, support, remain firm under a load or pressure; carry sth

~ a channel/responsibility/ pain/difficulties/hardships;

bearing (n): ~ signal/capability; bearings: get/lose one’s ~; bearer (noun): the ~ signal/service;

syn. carry, support

Blackout (n)

a period when lights are off because of an electrical power failure

light/news/communication/

mental ~;

syn. collapse

Carrier (n)

a mechanism or device by which sth is conveyed or conducted; a company that provides facilities for conveying telecommunication messages

dropout/frequency/multiplex/noise level/power/shift/suppression/

wave; air/baby/flag/(ir)regular/

mail/motor/personal/private ~; carry (v): ~ out the analysis/evaluation/

assessment/policy/instruction;

syn. shipper, bearer

Detect (v)

discover or identify the presence or existence of sth

~ a signal/risk/mistake/leak/

pattern/miscalculation/sound/

color/position/change; difficult /hard/easy/

(im-)possible to ~;

detector (n): infrared/chemical/ smoke/metal ~; detection (n), detectability (adj), detectable (adj); detective (n);

syn. discover, find out, reveal, identify

ant. overlook

Diffuse (v)

spread over a wide area or among a large number of people

reflection/light/idea/responsibility; diffusion (n), diffuseness (n): ~ of method/control; diffusely (adv);

syn. scatter, spread, disseminate

Disperse (v)

distribute or spread over a wide area; divide (light) into constituents of different wavelengths

news/pollution/seed/fog/bacteria; begin/start/ to ~; disperser (n), dispersible (adj), dispersive (adj);

syn. spread, diffuse

Distort (v)

give a misleading or false account or impression of; change the natural, normal, or original shape, appearance, or sound of sth in a way that is usually not attractive or pleasing

~ the result/outcome/pattern/

image/opinion/reality/picture; distorted (adj): seriously/severely/completely/slightly/

deliberately ~; distortion (n),

distortive (adj); distortedly (adv);

syn. pervert, falsify

Cf. alter, change

DSL (abbr)

Digital Subscriber Line

a technology that allows high-speed transmission of text, audio, and video, usually over standard telephone lines; a form of broadband transmission

asynchronous/synchronous ~;

lay/modify/build/transmit over ~

Energy (n)

the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity; power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines

balance/density/drink/

efficiency ratio/spectrum; accumulate/activate/

conserve ~; alternative/available/free/ kinetic/nuclear/solar ~; burst with/be full of/have/ generate/produce/

harness/use/demand/ need/accumulate ~;

energetic (adj):

~ activity/man; energize (v);

syn. power, strength

Engineering (n)

the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures

~ company/group/industry/ method/design/facility/program/

technology/services;

engineer (v);

engineer (n): leading ~;

Cf. construction, technology

Generate (v)

produce sth or cause sth to be produced

light/power/changes/conflict/

steam/microwave/solution/electricity; generator (n);

generation (n): ~ gap, digital ~;

syn. produce, develop

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

the world's largest association of technical professionals aiming for the educational and technical advancement of electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications, computer engineering and allied disciplines

comply with/compliance with ~

standards/requirements/ documentation

style/format/specifications

Indicator (n)

a thing or device that shows the state, level or condition of sth

airspeed/battery/direction/frequency/fuel/speed/wind ~; serve/ take/see sth as an ~ of sth; indication (n), indicate (v);

index/indices (n);

syn. a sign

Cf. parameter

Landline (n)

a conventional telecommunications connection by cable laid across land

~ (dis)connection; lay/transmit over a ~;

Cf. Wi-Fi, satellite/cellular connection

Long-Term Evolution (4G LTE)

a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals

connect to/support ~

Mount (v)

go or climb up sth; increase in amount; fix sth

~ a(n) equipment/ device/camera; a(n) engine/gun/lens/pedestal/

pillar ~; ~ quickly/rapidly/steadily/ gradually;

mounting (n), mountable (adj), mounted (adj): ~ station/module/panel;

syn. ascend, assemble, fix

ant. descend, dissemble

Mobile (adj)

able to move or be moved freely or easily

~ application/headquarter/phone/

station/connection; be/become/get ~; (im) mobility

syn. movable

ant. immovable, unmovable, static

Propagate (v)

spread sth widely

~ the wave/language/message/ knowledge; propagation (n): radio/error ~; propagator (n): ~ virus; propagative (adj), propaganda (n)

syn. spread, extend

Power (n)

the ability or capacity to do sth or act in a particular way; energy that is produced by mechanical, electrical, or other means and used to operate a device

~ of attorney/termination; amplifier/car/nuclear/horse/wind ~ ; go off ~; ~ cable;

2 to the ~ of 4;

exercise/use/give/grant sb the ~ of; confer ~ on sb; power-engineering; power-plant;

syn. capacity, energy

ant. incapacity

Remote (adj)

distant in relationship or connection; situated far from the main center; operating or controlled from a distance

~ control/indication/area/date/

storage/site;

syn. distant, faraway

ant. near, close

Resonator (n)

a device that displays electrical resonance, especially one used for the detection of radio waves

test/guitar/system/theory/

ring/axis;

cavity/ceramic/optical/piezo/Helmholtz ~; resonance (n),

resonate (v): ~ energy/power

Roaming (n)

the facility to use a mobile phone outside its normal area of registration, for example when abroad

world/country/street/city ~;

roamer (n), roam (v)

Satellite (adj)

a natural body that revolves around a planet; an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication

orbit/broadcasting/dish/aerial/

link/television/navigation/photograph/picture/data;

launch/put into orbit/put up/send up a ~

Saturate (v)

make sth completely wet; put (a device) into a state in which no further increase in current is achievable

~ sth with sth;

saturator (n), saturation (n)

saturated (adj): ~ fat/field/pasture; saturable (adj);

syn. soak, permeate

Sensor (n)

a device that enables digital machines to monitor the physical quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data used in robotics, environmental climate control, and other applications

~ network/control/unit/reading/

analysis/data-fusion/device; infrared/analog/image/

electromagnetic ~;

sensitivity (n), sensitive (adj),

sensory (adj); sensorily (adv);

syn. detector;

Cf. meter

Sequence (n)

a particular order in which related things follow each other

automatic/key/regular/plain/time ~; continuous/complex ~; sequence (v); sequential (adj): ~ pattern/interview/ stage/record/file;

syn. series, arrangement, progression, string

Shield (v)

protect from a danger, risk, or unpleasant experience; prevent sb or sth from being seen

~ sb/sth from sth; ~ sth partially/partly/carefully; shield (n): ~ bearer/budding/cell/law/

scale; cultivator/eraser/expansion ~; use sb/sth as a ~;

shielding (n), shielded (adj)

syn. protect, shelter

Solar (adj)

relating to or determined by the sun

system/apex/battery/cell/collector/ compass /eclipse/equation/eye piece/flare/heating/mass/microscope/ motion/energy/radiation

Sonde (n)

an instrument probe that automatically transmits information about its surroundings underground, under water, in the atmosphere, etc.

a(n) radio/weather/air/rocket/

satellite/ hydrometer ~; launch a ~

Standard (n)

sth considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model; a rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment; an average or normal requirement for quality, quantity, level etc.

deviation/English/gravity/

length/model; ~ of living/perfection; high/low  ~; apply/enforce/prescribe/

maintain/improve/raise/keep up the ~s;

standardize (v): ~ a(n) uniform/ system/equipment/service; substandard (adj): ~ conditions;

syn. basic, normal

ant. atypical, abnormal

Tele- (prf)

a prefix used in the formation of compound words meaning “distant,” especially “transmitted over a distance”

~ cast/kinesis/meter/phone/graph/ port/scope; ~ commute

Traffic (n)

the movement of vehicles, ships, persons, etc.; messages or signals transmitted through a communications system

~ accident/hazard/block/cop/

density/jam/lane/light/signal; bad/busy/congested/heavy/thick/ light/constant ~;

radio/telephone/data/voice/network/ Internet/Web/website  ~;

Cf. movement, transportation

Transition (n)

the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another

~ area/point/region/temperature/

period/process/phase;

bring about/cause/effect ~;

abrupt/immediate/rapid/sudden/direct /gradual ~; transit (v), transitional (adj), transitionally (adv), transitionary (adj);

Cf. change

Tunnel (n)

an underground passageway, esp. one for trains or cars that passes under a mountain, river etc.; a virtual tunnel of encapsulated data transmission

~ effect/vision;

open/smoke/water/wind ~;

go through/use/disappear into/enter/go into/ come out of/ build/construct/dig/excavate a ~;

long/short/narrow/wide/dark ~;

tunneling (n); tunneled (adj)

syn. channel

Queue (n)

a line of people who are waiting for sth; a series of instructions that are stored in a computer so that they can be processed later

endless/long/growing ~;

form/line up in/join/stand in/wait in a ~;

queue (v): ~ up for food/bus;

queuing (n)

syn. line

Vibration (n)

a periodic motion about an equilibrium position; an oscillation of the parts of a fluid or an electromagnetic wave equilibrium which has been disturbed

~ detector/sensor/transmission/

rate/power; anti- ~; ~-free;

vibrate (v), vibrational (adj), vibratory (adj);

syn. fluctuation, oscillation, tremor

ant. stillness, calmness

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. beam

2. bear

3. disperse

4. distort

5. mount

6. power

7. sequence

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. detect

2. landline

3. standard

4. synchronous

5. mobile

6. remote

7. vibration

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

detect

mounting

propagative

sensorily

transition

vibratory

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. cellular

A. a technology that allows high-speed transmission of text, audio, and video, usually over standard telephone lines; a form of broadband transmission

2. blackout

B. a natural body that revolves around a planet; an artificial body placed in orbit round the earth or another planet in order to collect information or for communication

3. carrier

C. the world's largest association of technical professionals

4. diffuse

D. relating to a system that uses radio waves instead of wires to send telephone signals

5. DSL

E. a mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or conducted; a company that provides facilities for conveying telecommunications messages

6. IEEE

F. spread over a wide area or between a large number of people

7. satellite

G. a period when lights are off because of an electrical power failure

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

7. Two ___ the power ___ 4 equals 16

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. diffusion - dispersion

A. general and specific

2. landline – satellite connection

B. cause and effect

3. radio - resonator

C. contrast

4. power - energy

D. method and purpose

5. sonde – weather forecasting

E. part and whole

6. mobile communications standard – 3G

F. equivalence

7. earthquake - vibration

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

energy

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

indicator

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

remote

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

sonde

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

traffic

Activity 8. Decode Bob Poe’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. cellular phone – mobile phone

2. 3G – LTE

3. remote site – remote storage

4. traffic light – traffic sign

5. radio sonde – satellite sonde

6. ADSL – dial up

Activity 10. Say what can be … and how:

1. detected

2. distorted

3. diffused

4. generated

5. propagated

6. shielded

7. queued

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1. ADSL

2. carrier

3. satellite

4. LTE

5. remote control

6. resonator

7. teleport

Activity 12. Arrange the standards for communication in an ascending order from the least advanced to the most: 3G, 2G, LTE, dial-up. Explain the chosen sequence. What do you know about the latest communication standards?

Activity 13. Brainstorm the current issues of alternative energy sources. Do you think it’s possible to completely substitute traditional energy sources in the near future?

Activity 14. Do a mini research and prepare a short report about the most devastating blackouts in the history of humankind.

Activity 15. Write a paragraph explaining the statement of Bob Poe in Activity 8.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “earthquake - vibration”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diffusion – dispersion”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) equivalence

3

All of these are synonymous to the word “beam” EXCEPT FOR:

a) ray of light b) c) resonator d) radiation

4

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “mobile communication standard – 3G”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole

5

A mechanism or device by which something is conveyed or conducted is known as a___: a) carrier b) band d) DSL d) LTE

6

A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals is known as ___:

a) LTE b) 2G d) ADSL d) IEEE

7

Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data ______ telephone lines. a) forward b) over c) via d) through

8

Keeping _____ the communication standards is rather a challenging task for professionals. a) up b) for c) to d) towards

9

A______ is a device that enables digital machines to monitor a physical quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data. a) resonator b) sensor c) satellite d) sonde

10

Mark the odd word: a) detect b) neglect c) ignore d) overlook

11

All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) distort b) falsify c) pervert d) alter

12

All of these are antonyms to the word “landline” EXCEPT FOR:

a) satellite connection b) cellular connection c) Wi-Fi d) telephone connection

13

Mark the odd word: a) detector b) detection c) detectably d) detective

14

LTE, 3G, 4G are examples of a ____.

a) standard for satellite connection b) standard for radio connection c) standard for wireless communication d) standard for cellular connection

15

Mark the odd word: a) transitory b) transit c) transitional d) transitionary

16

All of these collocate with the noun “energy” EXCEPT FOR:

a) alternative b) nuclear c) cellular d) solar

17

All of these provide information on the state or condition of something EXCEPT FOR:

a) indicator b) pointer c) parameter d) index

18

Dozens of people had to line ____ ___ queue to get the tickets.

a) up in b) up with c) throughout d) in to

19

Which of these is the oldest standard of telecommunication:

a) dial-up b) 3G c) 4G d) LTE

20

What does abbreviation ‘IEEE’ stand for?

a) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

b) The Institute of Electronical and Electronics Engineering

c) The Institute of Electrics and Electronics Engineering

d) The Institute of Electrical and Electronical Engineers


Module 15. COMPUTER MODELING

Term

Definition

Usage

Analyze (v)

examine sth scrupulously, typically in order to explain and interpret it

analysis (n): carry out/do/make/ perform an ~; comparative/critical/careful/close/

comprehensive/detailed/indepth/

thorough/financial/historical/linguistic/strategic/spectrum/electrostatic ~; analyzable (adj), analytical (adj): ~ study/technique/system/method/ purpose/mind;

syn. examine

Behavior (n)

the action, reaction, or functioning of a system, under normal or specified circumstances; the way in which a machine or a natural phenomenon works or functions

~ modification; control/influence/alter/

change/modify ~; human/aggressive/

disruptive/violent ~ ; behavioral (adj):

pattern/term/theory/survey; behaviorally (adv);

syn. demeanor

CAD (acr)

Computer-aided design

the use of computers to create 2D and 3D designs

system/information/equipment/terminal/technology/framework/package/software

Component (n)

a constituent part or aspect of sth more complex

basic/central/core/critical/crucial/

essential/fundamental/important/

integral/key/main/major/principal/ significant/vital ~;

~ manufacturer/failure/ supplier; componentize (v);componentized (adj): ~ DRM; componential (adj); ~ analysis;

syn. piece, ingredient

Concept (n)

an abstract idea; a general notion

have/grasp/understand/define/formulate/frame/introduce/develop a ~; a moral/basic/simple/

abstract/seminal/ broad/general/overall ~;  a ~ album/car/keyboard/map; ~; conception (n): ~ of sth; conceptual (adj): ~ system/rationale/evaluation /level/distinction/framework/structure/component/category/

problem/scheme; conceptualize (v): ~ a/the process/event/phenomenon; problem/matter/job/population/system;

syn. idea, notion

Condition (n)

the state of sth with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order

change/improve/deteriorate ~s; market/

perfect/bad/excellent ~; suffer from/live in/work in(under) ~ ; conditioning (n): social ~ ; conditional (adj): ~ choice/acceptance/

bail/construction/ agreement/plan; conditionality (n):

mutual/ ~; conditionally (adv);

syn. state

Constraint (n)

sth that limits or restricts sb or sth

impose/place/put/remove ~ ; moral/financial/physical/serious/legal/major ~s; ~ approach; constrain (v);

syn. restriction, limitation

Diagram (n)

a sketch, outline, or plan demonstrating the form or workings of sth

a market/network/circuit/Venn ~;

draw/depict/illustrate /indicate/represent/show a ~;

diagram (v): ~ a sentence/football play;

diagrammable (adj), diagrammatic (adj), diagrammatically (adv);

syn. graph, figure

Dimension (n)

an aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing: a measurement of the size of sth in a particular direction, such as the length, width, height, or diameter

political/spiritual/material/economic/

engineering/time/social/spatial ~; check/measure/add/ give/acquire/take on ~; dimensionality (n),

multi/three/two-dimensional (adj): ~ world/look/representation/form/

graphics/map/display/model/design/

structure/space/array/

view/picture; dimensionally (adv);

syn. aspect, facet, size

Dynamic (adj)

characterized by constant change, activity, or progress; having or showing a lot of energy

a ~ equilibrium/range/

force/leader/market/perspective/approach/data/change/

development/RAM/programming; be/seem/become/remain ~ ;

dynamical (adj): ~ effect/property/test/ evolution/state/system/variable/equation/process; dynamically (adv), dynamics (n): ~ simulation/flowchart; cultural/information/system/lattice/group ~;

syn. energetic, vigorous

ant. static, slow

Effect (n)

a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause; an image or a sound that is created in television, radio, or movies to imitate sth real

special/audio/sound/optical/visual/

digital/possible/probable/dramatic/significant/ drastic/full/decisive/harmful/far-reaching ~ ;

bring about/exert/have/produce/take/

recover from/come into/assess/

estimate/examine/measure/study/ameliorate/cushion/lessen/minimize/mitigate/reduce/soften the ~ of sth; (in)effective (adj);

syn. result, outcome, impact

Efficient (adj)

capable of producing desired results without wasting materials, time, or energy

~ production/model/change/secretary/ manufacture/service/manner/procedure/feature/company/operation; (in)efficiently (adv) ;

syn. productive

ant. inefficient

Cf. effective,

Environment (n)

the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates; the overall structure within which a user, computer, or program operates

working/safe/external/business/competitive/software/user/learning/physical/local/international/natural ~ ; create/provide/adapt to an ~ ;

environmental (adj): ~ audit/art/medicine/ agency/committee/department/group/ ministry/policy/conference/protection/issues;

environmentally (adv): ~ friendly; ; environmentalist (n),

syn. surroundings, habitat

Evaluation (n)

the making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value of sth; assessment

paper/panel/session/procedure/process/ study/issue; carry out/make an ~ ; scientific/ thorough/program/empirical/

comprehensive/project ~; evaluator (n),

evaluate (v): be difficult/be hard ~;

syn. assessment, judgment, appraisal

Event (n)

a thing that happens or takes place, especially one of importance; a single occurrence of a process

(about an event) happen/occur/take place/unfold; historic/important/major/ momentous/significant/media/field ~ ;

witness/record/celebrate/ commemorate/enter/

take part in/mark/hold/organize/stage an ~ ; eventful(less) (adj): an ~ evening/day;

syn. happening, incident, occasion

Experiment (n)

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact

field/laboratory/educational/ medical/psychological/scientific/

practical ~;

carry out/conduct/do/perform an ~;

experimenter (n); experimental (adj): ~ data/psychology ;

experimentally (adv), experimentation (n);

syn. test, enquiry

Force (n)

strength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement

great/terrible/tremendous/full/maximum/ external/internal/friction/elastic ~s;

~ of gravity; resort to/use/take sth by/increase/decrease/balance/come into/bring sth into/combine/lead/deploy/withdraw ~s;

(en)force (v), (en)forceable (adj);

syn. strength, power

ant. weakness

Influence (v)

affect or change (sb or sth) in an indirect but usually important way

~ sth/sb; influence (n): exert/have ~ over/on sth/sb ; considerable/enormous/great/ significant ~; influential (adj);

syn. affect, impact, effect

Manipulate (v)

handle or control (a tool, mechanism, information, etc.) in a skillful manner

easy/know how/learn to ~;

manipulation (n): symbolic/typeface/ conceptual/cynical/information/price/

genetic ~; manipulator (n), manipulative (adj), manipulatively (adv)

syn. influence, control

Measure (v)

ascertain the size, amount, or degree of sth by using an instrument or device

easy/(im)possible/difficult/hard to ~; measure (n): precautionary/effective ~; take ~s;

measured (adj), measurement (n): reliable/accurate/precise/system/

technique/scale/unit/error ~; measurability (n), measurable (adj), measurably (adv) ;

Cf. calculate, compute

Model (n)

a representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure, etc.

a(n) ~ airplane/car/building/house/

bridge/computer/phone;

assemble/build/construct/make/produce/design/develop/photograph/shoot a ~; modeler (n),

model (v), modeling (adj) ~ agency/company;

syn. prototype, mock-up copy

Optimize (v)

make the best or most effective use of (a situation or resource); rearrange or rewrite (data, software, etc.) to improve the efficiency of retrieval or processing

~ the system/quality/variable/performance/ environment/condition;

optimization (n), optimizer (n);

syn .improve, enhance

Option (n)

a thing that is or may be chosen

have/choose/select/offer/limit/take an ~; 

an ~ scheme/agreement/contract/price;

optional (adj): be entirely/purely ~; optionally (adv);

syn. alternative, choice

Parameter (n)

a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation

value/vector/setting/model/box/

control/equalizer/programming/

mapping/modeling/ software/solution/test/variable; system/path/configuration//interaction/characteristic/input/laboratory ~; parametric (adj): ~; optical ~; parametrical (adj),

syn. specification, limit

Predict (v)

say or estimate that (a specified thing) will happen in the future or will be a consequence of sth

~ the scenario/date/ outcome/event/rate

/behavior/development/score/result/weather/change; prediction (n): make/confirm/fulfill a ~; (un)predictable (adj): ~ pattern/response/

reply/movement/flow/question/development/change/event; be/seem/become ~; predictably (adv), predictability (n), predictive (adj);

syn. anticipate, forecast

Probability (n)

the extent to which sth is likely to happen or be the case

~ of living/arrival/success; high/real/strong ~;

have/increase/reduce/assess/calculate/judge the ~ of sth; probable (adj): ~ consequence/outcome/cost/profit/effect/source; probably (adv);

syn. chance, possibility

ant. improbability, improbable,

Proportion (n)

a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole

in/out of ~ with sth; ~ growth/increase/

rise/decline/decrease/fall; express sth/grow/increase/rise/decline/decrease/diminish/fall in ~; bodily/significant ~; proportional (adj): ~ distribution/growth/share;

syn. percentage, ratio

Ratio (n)

a measure of the relative size of two classes expressed as a proportion

achieve the ~; (ir)rational (adj): ~ function/justification/person//basis/choice/action/analysis/calculation/expectation//behavior; (ir)rationally (adv): act ~;

syn. rate, quotient

Result (n)

sth that ensues from an action, policy, course of events, etc.

demonstrate/indicate/reveal/show/predict/suggest the ~ of sth; result (v): ~ from/in/of;

have/produce/ achieve/get/obtain/come up with/get/produce/give/show/wait for/ analyze/evaluate/ present/publish the ~ of sth;

syn. outcome

Risk (n)

a situation involving exposure to danger

~ group/assessment/reduction/management;

face/run/take/entail/incur/involve/pose/ increase/minimize/reduce/avoid/assess/measure the ~ of sth/doing sth; risky (adj): ~ business/task/job/position/venture/situation; risk-taker(n), riskless (adj);

syn. danger

ant. safety, security

Sample (n)

a small part of anything, intended as representative of the whole

set/book/bottle/unit/machine/part/

chip/test/ specimen; survey ~;

collect/take/provide/draw/ analyze/study/test a ~ of sth; sampler (n): ~ filter/board/drive/

disc/design/idea; onboard/CD ~;

syn. specimen

Shape (n)

the external form, contours, or outline of sb or sth

(about a ~): appear/emerge/loom;

cut out/draw/alter/ change/determine/ influence distinguish/make out/see the ~ of sth; shaped (adj), shapeable (adj),

shapeless (adj);

syn. form, structure, architecture

Simplify (v)

make sth simpler or easier to do or understand

~ the procedure/solution/construction/

data//process/condition/task;

simple (adj): a ~ solution; ~ to operate;

simplification (n), simplified (adj);

ant. complicate, sophisticate

Simulate (v)

imitate the appearance or character of sth

reality/application/process/location/effect; designed/used to ~;

simulation (n): real-time/modeling/flight/sport/computer/

interview ~; simulative (adj): ~ approach/deception; simulated (adj): ~ environment/behavior;

syn. imitate

Solution (n)

a means of solving a problem or handling a difficult situation; a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules or atoms of the substances are completely dispersed

easy/drastic/ moral/viable pragmatic/

management ~; sugar/soil/test/saline/iodine ~; look for/seek/work towards/achieve/agree (on)/arrive at/ come up with/find/produce/ reach/work out a ~ to a problem; solve (v):

~ a(n) problem/dispute/ equation/question/mystery;

syn. mixture

Statistical (adj)

relating to the use of statistics or numeric data

inference/linguistics/mechanics/physics/tables/reliability/control/return/technique/method/information/analysis/term/evidence/study/comparison;

statistics (n): official/national/

government/(un)employment/criminal/regional/vital/financial ~; statistically (adv);

syn. numerical

Structure (n)

the way in which sth is built, arranged, or organized; the arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of sth complex

internal/external/social/atomic/movable/basic/market/complex ~; have/lack/impose/be based on/ create/devise/establish a ~; (un)structured (adj): ~ plan/pattern/whole/

graphics/method/interview/CAD/lesson/system/approach;

syn. form, architecture

System (n)

a set of things working together as parts of a mechanism or an interconnected network; orderliness

software/operation/failure/

breakdown;

build/create/design/improve/develop/devise/set up/implement/introduce/

operate a ~;

systematize (v), systematic (adj), systematically (adv);

syn. order, structure

ant. chaos, disorder

Velocity (n)

the speed of sth moving in a given direction

increase/decrease/achieve/attain/

reach ~;

head/escape/wave/angular/wind/maximum/low/propagation/high/mean ~;

syn. speed

Volume (n)

an amount or quantity of sth, especially when great; quantity or power of sound; a book forming part of a work or series

increase/decrease/ reduce/double/grow/rise in ~;

~ control/reduction/production/

platform/restriction;

incredible/reference/immense/ classic/main/high ~ ;

syn. amount, size

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. component

2. concept

3. constraint

4. diagram

5. evaluation

6. optimize

7. probability

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. force

2. risk

3. simplify

4. probable

5. system

6. dynamic

7. effective

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

analyze

condition,

manipulatively

predict

simulation

(non-)environmental

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a proportion

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

ratio

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a result

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

structure

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. CAD

A. a thing that happens or takes place, especially one of importance; a single occurrence of a process

2. dimension

B. ascertain the size, amount, or degree of (something) by using an instrument or device marked in standard units

3. event

C. a representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure, etc.

4. experiment

D. the use of computers to create 2D and 3D designs

5. measure

E. a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation

6. model

F. a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact

7. parameter

G. a measurement of the size of something in a particular direction, such as the length, width, height, or diameter

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

7. This experiment can be carried out only ___ laboratory conditions.

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. velocity - speed

A. general and specific

2. efficient - unproductive

B. cause and effect

3. dimension – 3D

C. contrast

4. experiment - optimization

D. method and purpose

5. risk – constraint

E. part and whole

6. condition - state

F. equivalence

7. diagram – arrow

Activity 8. Decode a famous quote of Louis Gerstner (IBM CEO) and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 11. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. experiment - measurement

2. manipulation - modeling

3. proportion - ratio

4. system - structure

5. parameter - dimension

6. efficient - effective

Activity 10. Say what can be … and how:

1. 2-dimensional

2. 3-dimensional

3. evaluated

4. manipulated

5. measured

6. predicted

7. simulated

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1. simulations

2. simplification

3. analysis

4. CAD

5. evaluation

6. experiment

7. prediction

Activity 12. Describe the problems that make computer modeling vital in the following fields:

1. Space and air travel

2. Fire-fighting

3. Earthquake prediction

4. Medicine

5. Building

Activity 13. Name physical forces that affect a person in the natural environment, describe their effect briefly.

Activity 14. Say what CAD software is popular now and what it is used for. Comment on the CAD uses today.

Activity 15. Do a mini research and prepare a short report on the theory of the 4th dimension.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “diagram - arrow”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “velocity - speed”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose

d) equivalence

3

All of these are synonymous to the word “optimize” EXCEPT FOR:

a) improve b) enhance c) manipulate d) advance

4

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “risk - constraint”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole

5

A sketch, outline, or plan demonstrating the form or workings of something is known as a ____: a) diagram b) system d) parameter

d) CAD

6

A small part of anything, intended as representative of the whole is known as a(n) ____: a) illustration b) instance d) example d) sample

7

The prediction turned _____ to be true. a) out b) off c) on d) in

8

Sensory evaluation is the process carried_____ to analyze a food product using 5 senses. a) on b) out of c) forward d) out

9

A ______ is a general idea or notion that corresponds to some class of entities and that consists of the characteristic or essential features of the class. a) component b) concept c) sample d) model

10

Mark the odd word:

a) condition b) conditioner c) conditionality d) conditional

11

All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR:

a) distortion b) restriction c) limitation d) constraint

12

All of these are antonyms to the word “simplify” EXCEPT FOR:

a) complicate b) perplex c) sophisticate d) optimize

13

Mark the odd word: a) analytical b) analysis c) analyst d) analyzer

14

What does CAD stand for? a) computer aided development b) computer aided design c) computer assisted development d) computer assisted design

15

Gravity, friction, velocity are examples of ___.

a) physical forces b) physical effects c) dynamic forces d) physical systems

16

All of these collocate with the noun “structure” EXCEPT FOR:

a) external b) internal c) atomic d) efficient

17

This experiment can be carried out only ___ laboratory conditions.

a) on b) at c) for d) under

18

People in Africa suffer _____ deterioration of living conditions.

a) in b) upon c) about d) from

19

Which of these is NOT a kind of a diagram:

a) Venn b) block c) flow d) picture

20

All of these verbs collocate with the noun “proportion” EXCEPT FOR:

a) increase b) diminish c) measure d) simulate


Module 16. MATHEMATICS

Term

Definition

Usage

Add (v)

join sth to sth else so as to increase its size, number, or amount

a detail/category/symbol/figure/formula; additional (adj): ~ information/element/ benefit/supply/allowance/profit;

syn. include

ant. delete, exclude

Argument (n)

a reason or a set of reasons given in support of an idea, action or theory

~ arise/break out/develop/erupt;

get involved in/get into/reject/offer/ present/put forward an ~; legal/logical/aesthetic/scientific/general/heated ~; argumentation (n): consecutive/detailed/standard/moral/puzzling/explicit ~; argumentative (adj);

syn. reasoning

Altitude (n)

the height of an object or point in relation to sea or ground level; the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the base of a geometrical figure

cruise at/fly at/maintain/ reach/rise to/gain the ~; ~sickness/problem/aerobatics/ record; ~ of a cone/parallelogram/prism/

pyramid/ trapezoid/triangle; altitudinal (adj);

syn. height, elevation

ant. depth

Angle (n)

the space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet

~ selector/circuit; tilted/right/acute/obtuse/ straight/positive/negative/interior/exterior ~; form/make/adjust/alter/increase/reduce/measure/change an ~; view sth at/from some ~; angle (v); triangle (n);

rectangle (n);

syn. tilt, slant

Approximate (adj)

close to the actual, but not completely accurate or exact

time/cost/position/length/location/price/ translation/number/value; approximate (v): ~ to/by sth; approximation (n): make/give/provide an ~; approximately (adv), approximative (adj) ~ value/description/measure;

syn. rough

ant. exact, precise

Average (adj)

an amount, standard, level, or rate regarded as usual or ordinary; a number expressing the central or typical value in a set of data

~ score/consumption/price/wage/age/

growth/ density/length/size/number/

cost/rate/time/citizen/temperature/family/population; the national ~; on/below/above ~; arrive at/ calculate /find/work out the ~; mean ~; average (v): ~ out at/to;

syn. median, norm

Axis (n)

an imaginary line about which a body rotates; a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates

the horizontal/vertical/x/y/z ~; central/economic/major/fundamental/

minor/principal ~; revolve/rotate on/around one’s ~;

syn. pivot, pole

Base (n)

the lowest part or edge of sth, especially the part on which it rests or is supported; a number used as the basis of a numeration scale

~ rate/pairing; firm/solid/strong/solid/

monetary /customer/capital ~; build/lay down/expand/increase the ~; base (v): ~ sth on sth; based (adj): London-~;

syn. foundation, bottom

ant. top

Calculate (v)

determine the amount or number of sth mathematically

~ the distance/area/index/price/

equation/problem/task/percentage/cost/value/payment/time/wage/the average/length/formula/mean/

median/angle/density/proportion; ~ accurately/exactly/

carefully/correctly; calculation (n), calculator (n): ~ display; desk/hand-held/pocket/electronic/ programmable/

advanced ~;

syn. compute, count

ant. miscalculate

Coefficient (n)

a multiplier or factor that measures some property

correlation/phi/mean/gravitational/zero/ dissymmetry/frictional ~; a variable ~;

the ~ of friction

Cube (n)

a symmetrical three-dimensional shape, either solid or hollow, contained by six equal squares; the product of a number multiplied by its square, represented by the superscript figure 3

ice/sugar ~; ~ equation/ root; increase in weight by the ~ of its length; cube (v): ~ the total/a number

Cf. cubicle

Degree (n)

an academic award conferred by a university or college on successful completion of a course or as an honorary distinction; a unit of measuring angles; the class into which an equation falls according to the highest power of unknowns or variables present

~ angle/course/level; college/university/first/ ordinary/

undergraduate/higher/ master's/ postgraduate/research/BA/BEd/BSc/MA/ 

MSc/PhD ~; have/earn/hold/do/take/

measure a ~;

Derive (v)

obtain sth from a specified source; obtain a function by applying a sequence of steps

~ from; largely/mainly/primarily/partly ~; derivable (adj), derivative (n);

derivate (n), derivation (n);

syn. extract

Deviate (v)

depart from an established course

~ from sth; ~ considerably/(in)significantly;

deviation (n); deviator (n),

deviatory (adj)

syn. veer from

ant. stay on the course

Diameter (n)

a straight line passing from side to side through the center of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere

calculate/measure the ~ of the circle/sphere; diametrical (adj), diametrically (adv);

Cf. perimeter, radius

Discrete (adj)

separate or distinct in form or concept

~ category/zone/form/equation; discreteness (n), discretely (adv);

Cf. discreet

Divide (v)

separate or be separated into parts; find how many times a number contains another

~ into/by/between/among sb/sth; ~ widen/narrow/bridge/open a ~;

great/sharp/cultural/digital/ideological/religious ~; division (n); dividable (adj);

syn. separate, split

ant. combine, consolidate, unite

Equation (n)

a statement of the values of two mathematical expressions being equal

be a part of/come into/enter into an ~;

complicated/simple/algebraic/mathematical ~; equational (adj): ~ phrase/assignment; equationally (adv)

Exponential (adj)

becoming more and more rapid; of or expressed by a mathematical exponent

~ curve/equation/growth/rate/model/ component/progression/number/form/function/distribution/time; grow/increase at an ~ rate; exponentially (adv): grow/increase ~;

Finite (adj)

limited in size or extent

world/resource/life/element/curve/point/ form /period/set; almost/practically/

virtually ~; (non)finite (adj),

infinity (n): approach/tend to/

towards ~;

syn. limited

ant. unlimited, infinite

Formula (n)

a general relationship, principle, or rule stated, often as an equation, in the form of symbols

devise/work out/come up with/find/

provide/apply/use a ~; complex/empirical/

simple/algebraic/chemical/molecular/mathematical/scientific ~; formulate (v): ~ a/an expression/ solution/equation /view/plan/

goal/objective/idea/proposal/theory/

question; formulaic (adj): ~ pattern/structure/exercise/unit/

activity/framework/expression

Fraction (n)

a numerical quantity that is not a whole number; a small or tiny part, amount, or proportion of sth: a ratio of two expressions or numbers other than zero

common/complex/compound/

continued/decimal/diagonal/

(im)proper/partial/rational/simple/

split/unit ~; a large/significant/

sizeable/substantial/mere/small ~;

syn. portion

ant. whole, integer

Function (n)

the intended purpose of a person or thing in a specific role; a relationship or expression involving one or more variables; a large or formal social event or ceremony

chief/main/major/primary/prime/dual ~; hold/attend/go to/have/carry out/ fulfill/perform/serve a ~ ; functionary (n): state/chief/government/station/party ~;

functional (adj): ~ specification /

analysis/competence/skills/language/approach/procedure; functionally (adv)

Integer (n)

a number which is not a fraction; a whole number

~ order/values/solution/variable/

performance /unit/application/number; decimal/algebraic ~;

ant. fraction

Linear (adj)

arranged in or extending along a straight or nearly straight line

~ equation/accelerator/algebra/ function/interpolation/programming/space/graph; (non)linearity (n): ~ error/test; linearly (adv);

syn. straight

ant. crooked, curved

Logarithm (n)

a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number

~ of number/figure/price/volatility; common/natural ~; logarithmic (adj):

~ transformation/division /spiral/

expression/scale/progression/technique/

form/term/graph

Multiply (v)

increase or cause to increase greatly in number or quantity

~ the weight/equation/risk/figure /coefficient; cross ~; ~ by ten;

multiplication (n): ~ table/sign; multiplier (n): ~ effect; multiplicity (n),

multipliable (adj), multiplicative (adj)

Number (n)

an arithmetical value expressed by a word, symbol, or figure, representing a particular quantity and used in counting and making calculations

registration/job/average/plate/car/card ~; add/divide/multiply/subtract/

dial/phone ~; cardinal/ordinal/

decimal/high/low/prime/ random/(un)lucky/winning/(un)even/odd ~;

numbered (adj), outnumber (v)

Outcome (n)

sth that happens as a result of an activity or process

affect/influence/decide/determine/achieve/have /produce the (an) ~; final/possible/likely/ probable/anticipated/

(un)expected/inevitable/(un)intended logical/predicted ~;

syn. result

Precise (adj)

marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail

~ calculation/identification/solution/ wording /value/measurement/language/ concept/location/number/definition/length/width/height; extremely/very/absolutely/

fairly/quite ~; precision (n),

precisely (adv);

syn. exact

ant. imprecise, approximate

Property (n)

sth of value, either tangible, such as land, or intangible, such as patents, copyrights, etc.; a quality, attribute, or distinctive feature of sth

~ market/prices/value/developer/ owner/tax; hold/own/acquire/buy/invest in/purchase/inherit/sell/lease/let/rent out ~;

attribute the ~ to sth; medical/mechanical/

basic ~ies;

syn. possession, quality, feature

Proportion (n)

a part, share, or number considered in comparative relation to a whole; a ratio between two variable quantities

alternate/direct/inverse ~; ~ grow/increase/ rise/decline/decrease/fall; equivalent/

similar/different/differing/ varying/ fixed/exact/approximate/ average/overall ~;

proportion (v); (dis)proportionate (adj);

syn. percentage 

ant. disproportion

Ratio (n)

a measure of the relative size of two classes expressible as a proportion; a quotient of two numbers or quantities

reduce/calculate/find/work out/achieve/

have/improve/worsen the ~; high/low/ benefit-to-risk/power-to-weight, etc. ~;

syn. correlation

Reduce (v)

make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size

~ the emission/risk/cost/amount/number/ danger/incidence/proportion/

inflation;

be designed/ intended/expected/likely to ~;

reducer (n): noise/water/acid ~;

reduction (n): ~ target; achieve/make/

secure /avoid/ask for/demand/seek ~;

syn. lessen

ant. increase, enlarge

Root (n)

the basic cause, source, or origin of sth; a number or quantity that when multiplied, typically by a specified number of times, gives a specified number or quantity; a user account with full and unrestricted access to a system

~ cause/system/crops/vegetables;

get/go back to/return to the ~; square ~; calculate the ~ of n; root (v): be deeply ~ed in sth, ~ sth out

Sequence (n)

a particular order in which related things follow each other

whole/continuous/complex/correct/alphabetical/chronological/logical/natural/random ~; complete/follow the ~; sequential (ad): ~ access/circuit/step/structure/procedure/stage/process/pattern/file/data;

syn. arrangement

Square (adj)

a plane figure with four equal straight sides and four right angles; the product of a number multiplied by itself:

~ meter/kilometer/mile/foot; 15 meters/feet ~; ~ brackets/table; square (n): ~ on hypotenuse/radius/10

Cf. cubic

Subtract (v)

take away (a number or amount) from another to calculate the difference

~ the number/amount/percentage/sum/ interest/result; subtraction (n): ~ process/problem/term/tool/assay/technique;

subtractor(er) (n), subtractive (adj): ~ gesture/procedure;

syn. deduct

ant. add

Value (n)

the importance, worth, or usefulness of sth; an amount, esp. a material or monetary one, considered to be a fair exchange in return for sth

~ system; place/put/set/add ~ on/to sth; increase/ raise/double/triple the ~ of sth; , etc.; high/low/full/total/real/true/nominal ~; valued (adj); valueless (adj); (in)valuable (adj): ~ service/contribution;

syn. worth, price

Verify (v)

make sure or demonstrate that sth is true, accurate, or justified

~ a(n) formula/code/equation/solution/ identity/address/detail/condition/position/ authenticity; verifier (n), verifiable (adj), verifiably (adv), verification (n): ~ data/center/procedure/place

ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. derive

2. altitude

3. calculate

4. deviate

5. divide

6. deduct

7. finite

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. add

2. approximate

3. average

4. fraction

5. precise

6. reduce

7. rigid

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

add

argument

calculating

derive

functionally

multiplication

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a number

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

outcome

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

proportion

Adj/Verb

Target vocabulary unit

root

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1. angle

A. a unit of measuring angles

2. axis

B. a general relationship, principle, or rule stated, often as an equation, in the form of symbols

3. coefficient

C. the space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet

4. degree

D. a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number

5. equation

E. the product of all the factors of a term excluding one or more specified variables; a numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression

6. formula

F. an imaginary line about which a body rotates; a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates

7. logarithm

G. a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. multiply - divide

A. general and specific

2. equation - value

B. cause and effect

3. equation – linear equation

C. contrast

4. property - possession

D. method and purpose

5. verification - trust

E. part and whole

6. reduction – deficit

F. equivalence

7. subtract - add

Activity 8. Decode Tobias Danzig’s saying about mathematics and comment on it:

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/cryptogramSetupForm.asp

Activity 9. Explain the difference between the following concepts using the Venn diagram below:

1. equation – formula

2. number – value

3. altitude – angle

4. approximate – average

5. derivation – deviation

6. division – fraction

7. integer – number

Activity 10. Say what can be… and how:

1. added

2. calculated

3. approximated

4. derived

5. divided

6. reduced

7. valued

Activity 11. Say what the following is used for:

1. equation

2. base

3. average

4. verification

5. argumentation

6. approximation

7. coefficient

Activity 12. Calculate the following equations, comment on every step you make to get the outcome:

<Object: word/embeddings/oleObject2.bin>

8a - 8d = 74

4m2n4 + 2m = 0

5a2 – 5a = 35

<Object: word/embeddings/oleObject3.bin>

<Object: word/embeddings/oleObject4.bin>

Activity 13. Analyze the complexity of different equation types:

a) linear

b) quadratic

c) exponential

d) trigonometric.

Activity 14. Write down three formulas and comment on them.

Activity 15. Do a mini-research and prepare a short report about famous mathematicians and their theories.

TEST

1

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “equation - value”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) part and whole

2

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “property - possession”: a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) equivalence

3

All of these are antonyms to the word “divide” EXCEPT FOR:

a) combine b) unite c) split d) consolidate

4

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “reduction – deficit”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) equivalence d) part and whole

5

The space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet is known as a(n)______:

a) angle b) base d) degree d) axis

6

A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression is known as a(n)___:

a) value b) number d) argument d) coefficient

7

During debates students should put _____ good arguments to support their point of view. a) forward b) for c) aside d) in

8

Pi tends ____ infinity. a) forward b) for c) to d) towards

9

A ______ is a quotient of two numbers or quantities.

a) coefficient b) ratio c) vale d) fraction

10

Mark the odd word: a) multiplication b) multiplicity c) multiplier d) multiple

11

All of these are synonyms EXCEPT FOR: a) derive b) calculate c) compute d) count

12

All of these are antonyms to the word “precise” EXCEPT FOR:

a) incorrect b) imprecise c) approximate d) exact

13

The result obtained by adding together several amounts and then dividing this total by the number of such amounts is known as a(n)___ :

a) average b) approximation c) reduction d) deduction

14

Linear, quadratic, exponential, trigonometric are examples of:

a) equations b) formulas c) values d) functions

15

Subtracting, adding, dividing and multiplying are examples of ___.

a) mathematical operations b) formulas c) functions d) values

16

All of these collocate with the noun “outcome” EXCEPT FOR:

a) probable b) anticipated c) inevitable d) inverse

17

‘S = v*t’ is an example of a___: a) fraction b) formula c) ratio d) function

18

Commercial jets fly _____ 9000 meters altitude.

a) about b) above c) below d) at

19

Which of these is an example of an odd number: a) 15 b) 14 c) 18 d) 20

20

Which of these is NOT an example of an equation:

a) linear b) quadratic c) exponential d) derivational


KEYS

Module 1. People in IT

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. geek

nerd

2. administrator

manager

3. layman

amateur

4. end-user

consumer

5. client

customer

6. wizard

genius

7. provider

supplier

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. backend

front-end

2. encrypt

decrypt

3. layman

professional

4. newbie

wizard

5. master

slave

6. vendor

buyer

7. client

provider

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

operator, operation

operate

operational

operationally

specifics

specialize

special, specialized

specially

program

program

programmed, programmable

--

development

develop

developing, developed, developmental

developmentally

consumer, consumerism, consumption

consume

consumable

--

analyst

analysis

analyze

analytical

Analytically

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

system

administrator

network

software

hardware

hotel

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

experienced

user

skillful

end

power

default

adj/n

target vocabulary unit

application

programmer

java

experienced

systems

skillful

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

network

manager

product

program

company

department

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions: 1C 2D 3A 4E 5B 6G 7F

Activity 6. Insert prepositions: 1 on 2 on 3 in 4 beyond 5 to 6 in 7 up

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1C 2D 3A 4F 5E 6B 7C

Activity 8. Decode John Pfeiffer’s saying about computers and people and comment on it:

Man is a slow, sloppy, and brilliant thinker; computers are fast, accurate, and stupid.

TEST 1c 2a 3a 4d 5c 6b 7c 8d 9c 10c 11d 12a 13c 14a 15a 16d 17c 18b 19b 20c

Module 2. TEXTING

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. justify

align

2. alternative

option, choice

3. cursive

italic(s)

4. conspicuous

bold

5. delete

erase

6. folder

directory

7. paste

glue

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. bold

debold

2. select

deselect

3. movable

immovable

4. italicize

de-italicize

5. movable

Immovable, unmovable

6. correct

incorrect

7. upper case

lower case

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

alignment

align

aligned

deletion

delete

deleted, un/deletable

movement

removal

(re)move

removable

im/movable

immovably

option

opt

optional

optionally

stroke

strike

stricken, striking

strikingly

margin

marginalize

marginal

marginally

image

imagine

un/imaginable

correction, corrector

correct

in/correct

in/correctly

Activity 4. Make up phrases by matching the words in the left column with those in the right:

1C 2D 3A 4E 5B 6G 7F

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1B 2D 3E 4F 5A 6G 7C

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 in 2 on, on, to 3 by 4 for 5 for 6 to 7 in

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1A 2F 3A 4E 5C 6E 7D

Activity 8. Decode Sherry Turkle’s saying about texting and comment on it:

What is so seductive about texting is you want to know who wants you.

Activity 12. Name things/operations you can do and say how you can do them:

1. To emphasize a word in a text – 3 (bold, italics highlight)

2. To eliminate mistakes in a text 3 (proofread, correct, edit)

3. While working with a text on a computer - 10 (type, paste, copy, cut, insert, select, save, align, etc.)

4. To make your text look better – 6 (indent, bullet, format, layout, align, margin)

TEST 1c 2a 3c 4b 5b 6a 7c 8b 9b 10d 11a 12b 13d 14b 15a 16c 17b 18a 19b 20b

Module 3. DEVICES AND GADGETS

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. upgrade

improve

2. sensor

detector

3. display

show

3. monitor

screen

4. connect

link

5. swap

trade/exchange

6. gadget

gizmo, device

7. smart

clever, intelligent

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. conceal

display, reveal

2. wearable

unwearable

3. input

output

4. clever

dumb

5. downgrade

upgrade

6. assist

hinder

7. upgrade

degrade

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

optician

optical

optically

digit

digitalization

digitize

digitalize

digital digitized

digitalized

digitally

wear, wearability

wear

un/wearable

worn-out

(dis)connection

connectivity

(dis)connect

(dis)connected

(dis)connectedly

monitor/ monitorship

monitor

monitorial/ monitored

assistance/ant

assist

assistive

resolution

resolve

resolve

(ir)resolute

(un)resolved

(ir)resolutely

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

digital

certificate

signature

divide

film

audio

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

second-hand

gadget

device

book

computer

car

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

tablet

PC

pen

phone

case

computer

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

replace

speakers

dis/connect

upgrade

configure

furbish

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1C 2A 3E 4G 5D 6B 7F

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 with 2 into 3 by 4 for 5 with 6 in, of 7 to

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1C 2F 3E 4B 5D 6A 7A

Activity 8. Decode Steve Jobs’ saying about computer device and comment on it:

Our goal is to make the best devices in the world. Not to be the biggest.

TEST 1b 2d 3b 4a 5c 6a 7b 8d 9c 10d 11c 12b 13d 14a 15a 16b 17a 18 d 19a 20a

Module 4. HARDWARE

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. break down

crash

2. remove

displace

3. decoder

encipher

4. repair

fix

5. convert

change, transform

6. defect

flaw, fault

7. battery

power unit

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1.configure

misconfigure

2. damage

repair

3. periphery

center

4. master

slave

5. encode

decode

6. uptime

downtime

7. shrink

expand

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

repair repairer

repair

(ir)reparable

irreparably

operation

operate

operational

operationally

repetition

repeat

repeated

repeatedly

breakage

break-up/break off/breakdown

un/non/breakable

breakably

process

process

processable

configuration

(mis/re)configure

configurative/ configurational

configurationally

expansion expandability

expand

expandable

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

dis/connect

a joystick

upgrade

replace

fix

hold

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

create

a laser

isolate

provide

develop

use

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

operate a

computer

procedure

system

device

machine

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

process

information

code

data

control

management

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1B 2D 3A 4C 5E 6G 7F

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 into 2 on 3 via 4 on 5 with 6 into 7 into

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1C 2D 3E 4A 5E 6F 7B

Activity 8. Decode Ken Olsen’s saying about computer security and comment on it:

Software comes from heaven when you have good hardware.

TEST 1d 2a 3c 4c 5a 6c 7d 8d 9b 10c 11a 12b 13d 14d 15c 16d 17c 18c 19a 20c

Module 5. SOFTWARE

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. boot

reset, restart

2. catalogue

archive, directory

3. design

architecture, arrangement, construction, layout

4. embed

enclose, inlay, engrain, insert

5. emulate

imitate, copy

6. function

feature, action, operation

7. icon

picture, symbol

8. implement

achieve, carry out,

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. add

subtract, deduct, decrease, diminish

2. context

foreground

3. install

uninstall

4. kernel

periphery

5. launch

cease, close, end finish

6. release

detain, hold

7. system

chaos, disorder

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

application

applicability

apply

(non)applicable

implicational

applicative

applicably

applicative

installer

installation

installability

(un)install

(un)installable

Installed

-

iteration

iterate

iterative

iterated

iterating

iteratively

iteratedly

pointer

point

point

pointless

pointed

pointlessly

update

updater

updating

update

Updated

-

implement

implementer

implementor

implementability

implementation

implement

implemented

implementable

-

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

a cluster

address

administrator

administration

allocation

acceleration

bomb

address

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

desktop

publishing

computer

application

configuration

presentation

analysis

environment

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

system

interface

program

graphical

object

user

functional

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

configure

software

release

maintain

design

debug

distribute

implement

manage/control

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

public

utility

debugging

disk compression

maintenance

setup

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

specification

change

deficiency

error

writer

requirements

review

statement

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

demo

version

beta

professional

trial

crippled

licensed

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1D 2F 3G 4A 5B 6C 7E

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 with 2 of/behind 3 to 4 into 5 on 6 out 7 to

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1B 2D 3A 4B 5E 6F 7A

Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about software and comment on it:

Software is a great combination between artistry and engineering

TEST 1d 2a 3b 4a 5d 6b 7a 8a 9a 10c 11b 12d 13a 14d 15b 16d 17c 18c 19b 20d

Module 6. CYBERSPACE

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. block

stop, prevent from, hinder, ban

2. community

society, group

3. emoticon

smiley

4. forum

message board, conference, newsgroup

5. link

tie, connection, (cross-)reference

6. monitor

control, check, audit

7. WWW

global network, the Internet

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. virtual

real, actual

2. block

permit, give access, allow

3. log in

log off, log out

4. snail mail

e-mail

5. implicit

explicit

6. external

internal

7. anonymous

known, identified, signed

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

account

accountability

accountancy

accountant

accounting

account

accounting

accountable

accountably

link

linkage

linkability

link

linked

linkable

-

mail

mailing

mail

mailing

mailed

mailable

-

monitor

monitoring

monitor

monitored

-

navigator

navigation

navigate

navigable

navigational

navigating

navigably

stream

streaming

streamer

stream

streaming

streamed

-

trace

tracing

traceability

tracer

trace

traceless

traced

traceable

tracelessly

traceably

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

cyber

space

warfare

criminal

offence

culture

café

security

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

create

a blog

maintain

contribute to

add content to

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

contents

page

list

directory

dictionary

management

filtering

Adjective/Noun

Target vocabulary unit

latest

feed

irritating

abusing

news

events

line

parallel

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

delete

cookies

steal

spy

enable

disable

switch on/off

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

e-

mail

book

journal

commerce

banking

cash

zine

Target vocabulary unit

Adjective/Noun

password

ageing

generation

changing

authentication

identification

logout

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1C 2E 3H 4F 5A 6D 7G 8B

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

1 into 2 for 3 to 4 through 5 to 6 into/out of 7 by

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2D 3A 4C 5E 6B 7E

Activity 8: Decode Noam Chomsky’s saying about the Internet and comment on it:

The Internet could be a very positive step towards education, organization and participation in a meaningful society.

TEST 1a 2a 3a 4d 5c 6c 7d 8a 9b 10c 11a 12c 13d 14b 15b 16b 17b 18b 19b 20b

Module 7. CYBER CRIME

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. bootlegger

pirate

2. combat

struggle, fight

3. committed to sth

dedicated to sth

4. breach

violation, infringement

5. stealth

theft

6. cyberslacking

cyberloafing

7. filter

sift away

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. compliant

non-compliant

2. repudiation

non-repudiation

3. violation

compliance

4.conformity

non-conformity

5. copyright

copyleft

6. piracy

antipiracy

7. black-hat cracker

white-hat cracker

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

commitment

commit

committed

--

intruder

intrude

un/intrusive

un/intrusively

crime

criminal

---

criminal

criminally

stealth

steal

stealthy

stealthily

fraud

fraud

Fraudulent

fraudulently

flood

flood

flooded

---

(non-) compliance

comply

(non-) compliant

(non-) compliantly

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

1 to 2 to 3 to 4 out of 5 on 6 in 7 with

Activity 5. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

control

fraud

commit a

suspect a

combat

protect against

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

install

a worm/virus

download

detect

neutralize

spread

disseminate

Target vocabulary unit

Nouns

commit

a crime

a murder

an error

suicide

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

engage in

spoofing

get involved in

be involved in

be caught

get caught

detect, suspect

protect oneself against

Target vocabulary unit

Nouns

comply with a

rule

regulation

law

standard

Activity 5. Match the terms with their definitions:

1C 2F 3D 4E 5A 6G 7B 8H

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2E 3D 4A 5F 6B 7D

Activity 8. Decode a Jewish proverb about crime and comment on it:

Commit a sin twice and it will not seem a crime.

Activity 10. Name at least 2 kinds of crime that involve:

1. violation of social norms (cyberbullying, trolling, cyberslacking)

2. telephone calls (phracking, phreaking)

3. copyright violations (piracy bootlegging)

4. misdirecting or impeding traffic (mousetrapping, pharming)

5. stealing confidential data (phishing, scavenging)

6. identity theft (spoofing, keylogging, piggybacking)

Activity 12. What kind of crime you might be a victim to if:

1. Your telephone/Internet bills have risen significantly (phreaking)

2. Your account information has changed (data diddling)

3. You receive threats and insults on the net (bullying, trolling)

4. The money in your bank account has disappeared (data diddling, spoofing, salami slicing)

5. You receive a lot of unwanted e-mails (phishing, spamming)

6. Your copyright is violated (piracy, bootlegging)

7. You can’t leave an Internet page (mouse-trapping)

TEST 1a 2b 3d 4b 5b 6c 7a 8a 9b 10c 11a 12c 13b 14c 15a 16b 17a 18b 19a 20d

Module 8. CYBER SECURITY

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. authenticate

verify, validate, confirm

2. authorize

entitle

3. compromise

undermine, weaken, injure, harm

4. deny

reject, dismiss, decline

5. endanger

expose, imperil, jeopardize

6. disrupt

discontinue, interfere

7. intrude

encroach, infringe, invade, disrupt

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. encrypt

decrypt

2. code

decode

3. admit

deny

4. vulnerable

protected safe

5. confidential

public, open

6. succeed

fail

7. cipher

decipher

8. proprietary

public, generic

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

confidence

confide

confidential

confidentially

denial

deny

denied, deniable

undeniably

validity

validate

in/valid/ated

validly

safety

save

safe

safely

detection detective

detect

detected

(un)detectable

digit

digitize

digitalize

digital

digitally

penetration

penetrate

penetrating im/penetrable

impenetrably

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

renew

a certificate

issue

grant

get

obtain

revoke

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

install

a firewall

construct

bypass

Set up

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

confidential

information

service

performance check

details

data

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

code

string

generator

inspection

length

point

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

dedicated

channel

security mode

link

terminal

web page

employee

LAN

line

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

deny

access

a privilege

a claim

the existence of sth

evidence

a law

sb’s right to sth

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1B 2A 3E 4C 5D 6G 7F

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 under 2 upon 3 to 4 to 5 for 6 on 7 for 8 on/upon 9 into

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2D 3C 4D 5E 6A 7C

Activity 8. Decode Bruce Schneier’s saying about computer security and comment on it:

Security is not a product but a process

TEST 1b 2c 3b 4a 5d 6c 7b 8d 9b 10d 11b 12a 13b 14c 15c 16b 17d 18c 19b 20b

Module 9. TRENDS IN IT

Activity 1. Give synonyms and/or antonyms:

1. quantum programming

binary programming

2. agile

waterfall, flexible

3. accelerate

decelerate, quicken

4. synchronous

asynchronous simultaneous

5. integrated

disintegrated, discrete

6. real time

virtual time

7. remote

local, distant

8. tolerant

Intolerant

Activity 2. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

multiplication

multiply

multiple

---

modification

modify

modified

---

recognition

recognize

recognized, recognizable

tolerance

tolerate

in/tolerant

in/tolerantly

amplifier, amplification

amplify

amplified

---

intelligence

intelligentsia

---

intelligent

intelligently

robot

robotize

robotic/al

robotically

Activity 3. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Noun

Target vocabulary unit

water

-proof

fool

idiot

bullet

earthquake

sound

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

nano-

technology

material

fiber

particle

tube

scale

second

bot

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

remote

control

access

terminal

location/area

administration tool

alarm sensor

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

tele

vision

phone

transportation

kinesis

commuting

communication

marketing

Activity 4. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1c 2d 3a 4b 5f 6e 7g

Activity 5. Fill in the blanks with the words “-tolerant”, “-proof”, “multi-“, “tele-“”-free”

1 tele 2 multi 3 proof 4 proof 5 tolerant 6 free 7 tele 8 proof

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 with 2 in 3 of 4 to 5 at 6 to 7 from

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1A 2F 3F 4C 5D 6B 7F

Activity 8. Decode Bill Gates’ saying about innovations and comment on it:

Never before in history has innovation offered promise of so much to so many in so short a time. 

TEST 1c 2a 3c 4a 5b 6d 7d 8b 9d 10a 11d 12c 13b 14b 15b 16d 17a 18b 19b 20c

Module 10. PROGRAMMNIG

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. maintain

control, keep, manage, support

2. bug

failure, error, flaw, defect

3. tool

instrument, apparatus, device

4. command

direction, order, instruction

5. condition

state, stipulation, prerequisite

6. execute

accomplish, implement, perform

7. manual

reference book, handbook, guidebook

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. binary

decimal, hexadecimal

2. compile

decompile, decompose

3. variable

invariable

4. assemble

dissemble

5. code

decipher, decrypt

6. compress

decompress

7. integrate

disintegrate

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

composition

composite

composability

compose

composed

composable

composably

computer

computability computation

computing

compute

computerize

computable

computational

computerized

-

error

err

errorless

erroneous

erroneously

generating

generator

(de)generate

generated

generating

generative

generic

generatively

instruction

instructiveness

instructor

instructress

instruct

uninstruct

instructive

instructional

instructively

reversibility

reverser

reversion

reversal

reverse

reverse

reversed

(ir)reversible

reversely

(ir)reversibly

test

testability

testing

test

testing

testable

-

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

applet

version

display

area

viewer

virus

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

array

access

analysis

chip

data

component

element

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

execution

thread

multitasking

parent

mail

main

group

package

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

write

a script

compose

create

encode

decode

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

standard

procedure

established

build-in

embedded

long

complicated

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

default

option

address

mode

network

parameter

user

value

Target vocabulary unit

Adjective

process-

bound

driven

centered

flexible

independent

specific

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1D 2E 3C 4G 5A 6B 7F

Activity 6. Place the following words in the columns according to the prefix used to form a negative counterpart:

in-

de-

un-

mis-

dis-

dependent

bug

skillful

configure

experienced

crypt

instruct

integrate

Stability

code

uninstall

efficiency

construct

compatibility

compress

compile

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2E 3D 4A 5B 6C 7C

Activity 8: Decode John Romero’s saying about programming and comment on it:

Programming is logic-based creativity.

TEST 1c 2d 3c 4c 5a 6d 7d 8c 9b 10b 11a 12d 13d 14b 15a 16d 17d 18a 19d 20a

Module 11. NETWORKS

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. allocate

assign, withhold

2. bandwidth

frequency rate

3. cable

cord, wire

4. channel

pathway, tunnel, route

5. framework

plan, scheme, structure

6. session

conference, period

7. hub

center, nucleus

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. connect

disconnect, disjoin, divide

2. receiver

transmitter, sender

3. frequency

infrequency, irregularity

4. noise

silence, peace, calmness

5. server

client

6. transmit

receive, get

7. wireless

wired, cable, landline

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

Forwarding

(re)forward

forward

forwarded

-

transmission

transmitter

transmit

transmitting

transmitted

-

collision

collider

collide

collided

-

connection

connector

connectivity

connect

connected

connectedly

Frequency

-

frequent

frequently

Address

address

addressable

addressing

addressed

-

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

broadcast

television

radio

news

live

media

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

find

a hotspot

(dis)connect to

allow access to

place

relocate

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

packet

flow

corruption

sniffer

access

address

analysis

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

optimization

layer

upper

lower

physical

transport

user

application

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

enable

a terminal

program

access

build

adjust

Adjective

Target vocabulary unit

dedicated

network

corporate

cable

television

radio

local

wireless

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

telecommunication

path

route

access

bandwidth

satellite

hardware

device

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1C 2A 3H 4E 5D 6B 7F 8G

Activity 6. Insert prepositions

1 via/through 2 over/via 3 up 4 from 5 of 6 on 7 up

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2E 3D 4C 5B 6A 7D

Activity 8: Decode Alison Gopnik’s saying about the Web and comment on it:

On the Web we all become small-town visitors lost in the big city

TEST 1b 2d 3b 4d 5c 6a 7b 8a 9a 10d 11b 12c 13c 14c 15c 16a 17d 18d 19a 20d

Module 12. DATA STORAGE

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. erase

delete

2. format

configure

3. retention

preservation

4. preserve

save

5. archive

library

6. backup

mirror

7. cache

hide

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. subscribe

unsubscribe

2. fragment

defragment

3. compress

decompress

4. upload

download

5. capacity

incapacity

6. preserve

destroy

7. compress

decompress

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

record

record

recordable/recorded

-

storage

store

storable

-

archive

archive

archived

-

compressibility/compression

compress

compressible

-

subscription/subscriber

un/subscribe

un/subscribable

-

retentive/retentiveness

retain

retentive

retentively

in/accessibility

access

in/accessible

accessibly

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

upload

a file

a document

information

music

a photo

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

restore

a file

delete

create

transfer

store

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

memory

card

stick

chip

protection

cycle

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

preserve

data

evidence

integrity

system

identity

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

retrieve

a file

information

data

archive

from memory

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1D 2B 3E 4C 5A 6G 7F

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 to 2 on 3 from 4 in 5 from 6 for 7 with

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1E 2F 3C 4B 5F 6C 7F

Activity 8. Decode Charles Babbage’s saying and comment on it:

Errors using inadequate data are much less than those using no data at all.

TEST 1c 2a 3d 4b 5b 6b 7a 8b 9d 10c 11c 12a 13b 14c 15a 16c 17c 18c 19c 20a

Module 13. RADIOELECTRONICS

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. aperture

breach, hole, eye, opening

2. cover

screen, wrapping

3. delay

suspend, postpone, put off

4. module

unit, piece of, part of

5. regulate

control, manage, administer, maintain

6. synchronize

harmonize, coordinate

7. terminate

cease, stop

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. attenuation

increase, enlargement, strengthening

cover

uncover

3. damp

dry

4. exposure

concealing, covering, shelter

5. resist

accept, surrender, give in

6. scatter

collect, gather

resistible

irresistible

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

disturbance

disturb

disturbing, disturbed

disturbingly

recovery discovery, coverage, cover, coverage, coverer

(dis/un/re)cover

(dis/re/un)covered, covering, coverable, coverless (ir)recoverable

irrecoverably

intensity

intensify

intense, intensified, intensive

intensely, intensively

module, modulator, modulation

modulate

modulatory, modulated

-

reflection, reflector

reflect

reflecting, reflected, reflectory

-

terminator, termination

terminate

terminated, terminating, terminatory, terminative

-

stability, stabilizer, stabilization

stabilize

stable, stabled

stably

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

sound

attenuation

light

frequency

dissonance

signal

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

site

beacon

fire

tower

system

center

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

acoustic

guitar

bass

environment

wave

effect

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

calculate

density

measure

change

vary

increase/decrease

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

electron

cloud

optics

tube

pair

transfer

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1G 2F 3E 4D 5C 6B 7A

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 to 2 in 3 into 4 to 5 out 6 on 7 out

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2C 3F 4E 5A 6B 7D

Activity 8. Decode Alison Gopnik’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:

The radio was an improvement on the telegraph but it didn’t have the same effect.

TEST 1d 2a 3c 4b 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a 10b 11d 12d 13d 14a 15b 16d 17a 18b 19a 20d

Module 14. TELECOMMUNICATION

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. beam

ray of light, glow, laser

2. bear

carry, support, hold up

3. disperse

spread, diffuse, distribute, disseminate, propagate

4. distort

pervert, falsify

5. mount

ascend, increase, grow, fix

6. power

capacity, energy

7. sequence

series, arrangement, progression, string

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. detect

overlook

2. landline

Wi-Fi, satellite connection, cellular

3. standard

abnormal, atypical, substandard

4. synchronous

asynchronous

5. mobile

immobile, immovable, static

6. remote

close, near

7. vibration

stillness, calmness

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

detector, detection, detective, detectability

detect

detectable

detectably

mounting, mounter

mount

mounted, mountable

-

propagation, propagator

propagate

propagable, propagative

-

sensor, sensitivity

sense

sensory, sensorial, sensitive

sensorily

transition

transit

transitory, transitional, transitionary

transitionally

vibration

vibrate

vibrational, vibratory, vibrationless

-

Activity 4. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1D 2G 3E 4F 5A 6C 7B

Activity 5. Insert prepositions:

1 over 2 on/upon 3into 4up 5 about 6 up in 7 to, of

Activity 6. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1 F 2C 3E 4F 5D 6A 7B

Activity 7. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

alternative

energy

solar

nuclear

kinetic

internal

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

fuel

indicator

battery

power

direction

frequency

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

remote

control

area

storage

device

site

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

radio

sonde

weather

air

rocket

satellite

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

traffic

control

congestion

light

sign

density

Activity 8. Decode Bob Poe’s quote about telecommunications and comment on it:

Telecommunications will make the world very small.

TEST 1b 2d 3c 4a 5a 6a 7b 8a 9b 10a 11d 12d 13c 14c 15b 16c 17ba 18a 19a 20a

Module 15. COMPUTER MODELING

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. component

part

2. concept

idea, notion

3. constraint

restriction, limitation

4. diagram

figure, graph

5. evaluation

assessment, judgement, estimation, appraisal

6. optimize

improve, enhance

7. probability

chance, possibility

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. force

Weakness

2. risk

safety, security

3. simplify

complicate, perplex

4. probable

improbable

5. system

Disorder, chaos

6. dynamic

slow, idle

7. effective

ineffective

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

analysis, analyst, analytic, analyzation, analyzer

analyze

analyzable, analytical,

analytically,

condition, conditioner, conditioning, conditionality

condition

(un)conditional,

(un)conditionally

manipulation, manipulator, manipulability

manipulate

manipulative, manipulable

manipulatively

predictability, prediction, predictableness

predict

predictable

predictably

simulation

simulate

simulative

-

environment, environmentalist

-

(non)environmental,

(non) environmentally

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

grow

a proportion

increase

decline

diminish

rise

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

function

ratio

calculation

analysis

existence

behavior

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

demonstrate

a result

predict

indicate

reveal

suggest

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

external

structure

internal

atomic

versatile

basic

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1D 2G 3A 4F 5B 6C 7E

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 from 2 to 3 out 4into 5out 6 to 7 under

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1F 2C 3A 4D 5B 6F 7E

Activity 8. Decode a famous quote of Louis Gerstner (CEO, IBM) and comment on it:

Computers are magnificent tools for the realization of our dreams, but no machine can replace the human spark of spirit, compassion, love, and understanding.

TEST 1d 2d 3c 4b 5a 6d 7a 8d 9b 10d 11a12d 13a 14b 15a 16d 17d 18d 19d 20d

Module 16. MATHEMATICS

Activity 1. Give synonyms:

1. derive

gain, receive

2. altitude

peak, height, elevation

3. calculate

compute, count

4. deviate

veer

5. divide

Separate

deduct

Subtract

7. finite

limited

Activity 2. Give antonyms:

1. add

exclude, subtract

2. approximate

exact, precise

3. average

extraordinary

4. fraction

whole

5. precise

imprecise, incorrect, wrong, approximate

6. reduce

increase, enlarge

7. functional

disfunctional

Activity 3. Word family. Fill in the missing words of the same root where possible:

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

additive, addition

add

addible, addable

addedly additionally

argument, argumentation

argue

argumentative, argumentated

argumentatively

calculation, calculator

(mis)calculate

calculative, calculating

-

derivative, derivation

derive

derivatory, derivative, derivational, derived

derivatively

function, functionary functionality

function

(non/dis)functional

functionally

multiplication, multiplicity, multiplier

multiply

multipliable, multiplicative

multiplicatively

Activity 4. Complete the tables with words that form strong partnerships with the target vocabulary units:

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

add

a number

divide

multiply

subtract

dial

Adj

Target vocabulary unit

probable

outcome

anticipated

expected

inevitable

logical

Adj/N

Target vocabulary unit

alternate

proportion

(in-)direct

continued

inverse

mixed

Adj/Verb

Target vocabulary unit

square

root

get the

derive the

return to the

calculate the

Activity 5. Match the given terms with their definitions:

1C 2F 3E 4A 5G 6B 7D

Activity 6. Insert prepositions:

1 in 2 at 3 at 4 forward 5 up with 6 towards 7 in

Activity 7. State the type of logical relations between the following concepts:

1C 2E 3A 4F 5D 6B 7C

Activity 8. Decode Tobias Danzig’s saying about mathematics and comment on it:

Mathematics is the supreme judge; from its decisions, there is no appeal.

TEST 1d 2d 3c 4b 5a 6b 7a 8d 9b 10d 11a 12d 13a 14a 15a 16d 17b 18d 19a 20d


INDEX

A

Accelerate (v) 91

Access (v) 125

Account (n) 61

Acoustic (adj) 134

Ad hoc (adj) 91

Add (v) 42, 165

Address (n) 114

Administrator (n) 5

Agile (adj) 91

AI (abbr) Artificial Intelligence 91

Algorithm (n) 104

Align (v) 14

Allocate (v) 114

Altitude (n) 165

Amplify (v) 91

Amplitude (n) 134

Analyst (n) 5

Analyze (v) 151

Angle (n) 165

Anonymity (n) 61

Antenna (n) 134

Aperture (n) 134

Applet (n) 104

Application (n) 42

Approximate (adj) 165

Architect (n) 5

Archive (n) 125

Argument (n) 165

Array (n) 104, 125

Assemble (v) 104

Assist (v) 22

Asynchronous (adj) 91

Attack (n) 81

Attenuation (n) 134

Authenticate (v) 81

Authorize (v) 81

Avatar (n) 61

Average (adj) 165

Axis (n) 165

B

Back (adj) 5

Back door (adj) 81

Backbone (n) 114

Backup (n) 125

Band (n) 141

Bandwidth (n) 114

Barcode (n) 22

Base (n) 166

Battery (n) 32

Beacon (n) 134

Beam (n) 141

Bear (v) 141

Behavior (n) 151

Best practices (n) 91

Beta test (n) 91

Binary (adj) 104

Biometric (adj) 92

BIOS (abbr) 45

Bit (n) 125

Blackout (n) 141

Block (v) 61

Blog (n) 61

Blogger (n) 5

Bluetooth (n) 32

Blu-ray (n) 125

Board (n) 32

Bold (adj) 14

Bookmark (n) 61

Boot (v) 45

Bootlegger (n) 70

Botmaster (n) 5

Braille (n) 22

Breach (n) 70

Break (v) 32

Breakthrough (n) 92

Bricks and clicks (n) 92

Bridge (n) 114

Broadcast (n) 114

Browse (v) 60

Buffer (n) 125

Bug (n) 104

Bullet (n) 14

BYOD (abbr) 22

Byte (n) 125

C

Cable (n) 114

Cache (v) 125

CAD (acr) Computer-aided design 151

Calculate (v) 166

Camera (n) 22

Capacity (n) 125

Card (n) 32

Carrier (n) 141

Case (n) 14

Cast (v) 60

Catalogue (n) 42

CD (acr) Compact disc 123

Cellular (adj) 141

Certificate (n) 81

Channel (n) 115

Channel integration (n) 92

Charge (v) 22

Chip (n) 32

Cipher (n) 81

Classified (adj) 81

Clickbait (n) 60

Clipboard (n) 14

Close (v) 14

Cloud (n) 92

Cluster (n) 42, 92

Cobot (n) 92

Code (n) 104

Code (n) 80

Coefficient (n) 166

Collision (n) 115

Combat (v) 70

Command (n) 102

Commit (v) 70

Community (n) 60

Compass (n) 134

Compatible (adj) 42

Compile (v) 14, 102

Comply (v) 70

Component (n) 33, 151

Compose (v) 102

Compress (v) 102, 123

Compromise (v) 80

Compute (v) 102

Computer (n) 32

Concept (n) 151

Condition (n) 103, 151

Confidential (adj) 80

Configuration (n) 33

Configure (v) 103

Connect (v) 22, 115

Constraint (n) 151

Consumer (n) 6

Content(s) (n) 60

Context (n) 43

Convert (v) 32, 123

Cookie (n) 60

Copy (v) 14

Copyright (n) 70

Correct (v) 14

Corruption (n) 80

Coupling (n) 134

Cover (v) 135

CPU (abbr) 33

Crack (v) 70

Crash (n) 33

Creep (v) 61

Crime (n) 70

Crowdfunding (n) 61

Cryptographer (n) 6

CTR (abbr) Clickthrough rate 60

Cube (n) 166

Customer (n) 6

Cutting-edge (adj) 92

Cyber (adj) 61

Cyberbullying (n) 70

Cybercide (n) 70

Cyberslacking (n) 71

Cybersquatting (n) 71

Cycle (n) 33

D

Damp (n) 135

Data (n) 123

Data diddling (n) 71

Decoder (n) 33

Dedicated (adj) 80

Default (n) 103

Degree (n) 166

Delay (v) 135

Delete (v) 15

Density (n) 135

Deny (v) 80

Derive (v) 166

Design (v) 43

Designer (n) 6

Desktop (adj) 43

Detect (v) 81, 141

Developer (n) 6

Deviate (v) 166

Device (n) 23

Diagram (n) 155

Dial-up (n) 115

Diameter (n) 166

Diffuse (v) 142

Digital (adj) 23, 81

Dimension (n) 155

Discrete (adj) 164

Disperse (v) 142

Display (n) 23

Disrupt (v) 81

Disseminate (n) 71

Distort (v) 142

Disturb (v) 135

Divide (v) 164

Domain (n) 115

Download (v) 123

Downtime (n) 33

Drive (n) 33

Driver (n) 43

DSL (abbr) Digital Subscriber Line 142

Duplex (adj) 115

Dynamic (adj) 155

E

E- (prf) 23, 61

Echo (n) 115

Edit (v) 15

Effect (n) 155

Efficient (adj) 155

Electron (n) 135

Embed (v) 43

Emission (n) 135

Emoticon (n) Emotion + icon 61

Emulate (v) 43

Encapsulate (v) 43

Encrypt (v) 80

Energy (n) 142

Engineer (n) 6

Engineering (n) 142

Enter (v) 15

Environment (n) 155

Equation (n) 164

Erase (v) 123

Error (n) 103

Ethernet (n) 115

Evaluation (n) 153

Event (n) 153

Execute (v) 104

Expand (v) 33

Experiment (n) 153

Expert (n) 6

Expire (v) 81

Exponential (adj) 164

Expose (v) 81

Exposure (n) 133

Extend (v) 123

F

Fail (v) 81

FAQ (acr) Frequently asked questions 61

Fault (n) 34

Fax (facsimile machine) (n) 23

Feed (v) 61

File (n) 15, 123

Filter (n) 81

Filter (v) 71

Finite (adj) 164

Firewall (n) 81

Flash (n) 123

Flash memory (n) 23

Flooding (n) 71

Flow (n) 116

FM (abbr) Frequency Modulation 133

Folder (n) 15

Follower (n) 6

Font (n) 15

Force (n) 153

Format (n) 15, 124

Formula (n) 164

Forum (n) 60

Forward (v) 15, 116

Fraction (n) 164

Fragment (n) 124

Framework (n) 116

Fraud (n) 71

Freelancer (n) 6

Frequency (n) 116

Function (n) 44, 164

G

Gadget (n) 23

Gamepad (n) 23

Geek (n) 6

Generate (v) 104, 142

Geotagging (n) 60

Google Glass (n) 23

H

Hacker (n) 71

Headset (n) 24

Highlight (v) 15

Host (n) 116

Hotspot (n) 116

Hub (n) 116

I

Icon (n) 44

Identity (n) 80

Identity theft (n) 71

IEEE (abbr) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 142

Image (n) 15

Implement (v) 44

Import (v) 16

Indent (v) 16

Indicator (n) 143

Influence (v) 153

Innovate (v) 90

Input (n) 24

Insert (v) 16

Install (v) 44

Instruction (n) 104

Integer (n) 164

Integrate (v) 104

Integrity (n) 80

Intensity (n) 133

Interface (n) 44

Intrude (v) 80

Intruder (n) 70

ISP 7

Italic(s) (n) 16

Iteration (n) 44

J

Jacking (n) 70

Joystick (n) 34

K

Kernel (n) 45

Key (n) 34

Keylogging (n) 70

Keyword (n) 124

Knowledge (n) 90

L

Lamer (n) 6

Landline (n) 143

Language (n) 104

Laser (n) 34

Latency (n) 116

Launch (v) 45

Layer (n) 114

Layman (n) 7

Layout (n) 16

Lens (n) 24

Level (n) 133

Library (n) 124

License (n) 45

Life hacker (n) 90

Linear (adj) 165

Link (n) 60

Locate (v) 133

Log (v) 60

Log in/on (v) 80

Logarithm (n) 165

Loop (n) 102

LTE Long-Term Evolution (4G) 143

Lurker (n) 7

M

Manager (n) 7

Mail (n) 60

Maintain (v) 34, 102

Manipulate (v) 153

Manual (n) 102

Margin (n) 16

Master (n) 7

Measure (v) 153

Media (n) 61

Meme (n) 60

Memory (n) 34, 124

Menu (n) 45

Mobile (adj) 143

Model (n) 153

Modem (n) 34

Moderator (n) 7

Modify (v) 90

Modulate (v) 133

Monitor (n) 24, 34

Monitor (v) 61

Mount (v) 143

Mouse (n) 34

Mousetrapping (n) 70

Move (v) 16

MP3 (n) 24

Multi- (prf) 90

Multiply (v) 165

N

Nano (n) 90

Navigate (v) 61

Nerd (n) 7

Netbook (n) 24

Netizen (n) 7

Network (n) 114

Neural network 90

Newbie (n) 7

Next-generation (adj) 90

Noise (n) 114

Number (n) 165

O

Open source (n) 90

Operate (v) 35, 102

Operating System OS (abbr) 45

Operator (n) 7

Optical (adj) 24

Optimize (v) 154

Option (n) 16, 154

Oscillate (v) 133

Outcome (n) 165

Output (n) 24

Outsourcing (n) 90

Overwrite (v) 124

P

Package (n) 45

Packet (n) 114

Packet monkey (n) 70

Page (n) 124

Parameter (n) 154

Password (n) 61, 80

Paste (v) 16

Patch (n) 102

Pending (v) 16

Penetrate (v) 80

Period (n) 134

Periphery (n) 35

Pharming (n) 70

Phase (n) 134

Phishing (n) 71

Phracking (n) 70

Phreaking (n) 70

Piggybacking (n) 70

Piracy (n) 70

Pixel (n) 24

Platform (n) 35

Plotter (n) 25

Pointer (n) 46

Port (n) 35

Post (v) 61

Power (n) 143

Precise (adj) 165

Predict (v) 154

Preserve (v) 124

Printer (n) 35

Privacy (n) 80

Probability (n) 154

Procedure (n) 103

Process (n) 35

Process (v) 102

Program (v) 103

Programmer (n) 7

Projector (n) 25

Proof (adj) 91

Proofread (v) 16

Propagate (v) 143

Property (n) 165

Proportion (n) 154, 165

Proprietary (adj) 80

Protocol (n) 114

Prototype (n) 103

Provider (n) ISP 7

PTOYED (abbr) 25

Q

Quantum (n) 136

Quantum programming (n) 91

Query (n) 124

Queue (n) 145

R

R&D (abbr) Research and Development 91

Radio (n) 134

Ratio (n) 154, 166

Ray (n) 134

Real-time (adj) 91

Receiver (n) 114

Recognition (n) 91

Record (n) 124

Recover (v) 46, 124

Recursion (n) 103

Reduce (v) 166

Redundancy (n) 104

Reflect (v) 134

Register (v) 125

Regulate (v) 134

Relay (v) 134

Release (v) 46

Rely (v) 81

Remote (adj) 91, 143

Remove (v) 35

Repair (v) 35

Repairer (n) 8

Repeat (v) 36

Repudiation (n) 71

Resist (v) 135

Resolution (n) 25

Resonator (n) 143

Restore (v) 125

Restrict (v) 125

Result (n) 154

Retention (n) 125

Retina display (n) 25

Retrieve (v) 125

Reverse (v) 104

Risk (n) 81, 155

Roaming (n) 143

Robot (n) 91

Root (n) 166

Rotate (v) 36

Route (n) 115

S

Safety (n) 81

Salami theft/slicing (n) 71

Sample (n) 155

Satellite (adj) 144

Saturate (v) 144

Save (v) 16

Savvy (adj) 8

Scan (v) 36, 81

Scatter (v) 135

Scavenging (n) 71

Scientist (n) 8

Script (n) 46, 104

Second-hand (adj) 25

Secret (n) 81

Sector (n) 36

Secure (adj) 81

Select (v) 17

Sensitive (adj) 81

Sensor (n) 25, 144

Sequence (n) 144, 166

Server (n) 36, 115

Session (n) 115

Shape (n) 155

Shield (v) 144

Signal (n) 115, 135

Simplify (v) 155

Simulate (v) 155

Site (n) 60

Smart (adj) 25, 91

Social media (n, pl.) 91

Software (n) 46

Solar (adj) 144

Solution (n) 155

Sonde (n) 144

Space (n) 17

Spam (n) 60

Speakers (n) 25

Specialist (n) 8

Specification (n) 46

Spectrum (n) 135

Spoofing (n) 71

Spreadsheet (n) 17

Square (adj) 166

Stabilize (v) 135

Standard (n) 144

Statistical (adj) 155

Status (n) 60

Steal (v) 71

Store (v) 125

Stream (n) 60

Stroke (n) 17

Structure (n) 155

Subscribe (v) 125

Subscriber (n) 8

Subtract (v) 166

Surfer (n) 8

Swap (v) 25

Switch (n) 115

Synchronize (v) 135

System (n) 47, 156

T

Tablet (n) 26

Task (n) 47

Technician (n)

Tele- (prf) 92,145

Telecommunication (n) 115

Telecommuter (n)

Telephony (n) 115

Template (n) 17

Terminal (n) 115

Terminate (v) 135

Test (n) 104

Textese (n) 17

Thread (n) 61, 104

Threat (n) 81

Threshold (n) 135

Tolerant (adj) 92

Tool (n) 104

Topology (v) 116

Touch (v) 26

Trace (v) 60

Track (v) 125

Traffic (n) 145

Transition (n) 145

Transmit (v) 116

Trojan Horse (n) 71

Trolling (n) 71

Troubleshoot (n) 104

Troubleshooter (n)

Tune (v) 136

Tunnel (n) 145

Type (v) 17

U

Underscore (v) 17

Unit (n) 36

Update (v) 47

Upgrade (v) 26

Upload (v) 125

User (n) 8

Utility (n) 47

V

Valid (adj) 81

Value (n) 105, 166

Variable (n) 105

Velocity (n) 156

Vendor (n) 8

Verify (v) 166

Version (n) 48

Vibration (n) 145

View (v) 17

Viral (adj, n) 92

Virtual (adj) 61

Virus (n) 71

Volume (n) 156

Vulnerability (n) 82

W

Ware (n) 48

Wave (n) 136

Wearable (adj) 26

Web (n) 61

Webcam (n) 26

Widget (n) 48

Wiki (n) 61

Window (n) 48

Wireless (adj) 116

Wiretapping (n) 71

Wizard (n) 9

World Wide Web (n) 61

WORM (acr) Write Once Read Many 125

Worm (n) 71